Book Review Psychology Theology Spirituality in Christian Counseling

Prof. Mark R. McMinn, Ph. D. , at Wheaton College Graduate School in Wheaton, Illinois, directs and teaches in the Doctor of Psychology program. A representative in Clinical Psychology of the American Board of Professional Psychology, McMinn has thirteen years of postdoctoral experience in counseling, psychotherapy, and psychological testing.McMinn have authored some very useful books to his credit these include The Jekyll/Hyde Syndrome: Controlling Inner Conflict through Authentic Living; Cognitive Therapy Techniques in Christian Counseling; Making the Best of Stress: How Life's Hassles Can Form the Fruit of the Spirit; and Christians in the Crossfire (written with James D. Foster). Book review: Psychology Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Mark McMinn evidently accomplished his aim through the book â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling.† That is, he has sketched the definitions, similarities, and differences between these three o verlying subjects for his readers, specifically Christian counselors, pastors, and students. Keeping in view the deviating thoughts on these issues, everyone will not agree with his explanations. Nor will they conform where he sketches the lines of overlap. And perhaps even less with his stance on incorporation or non-integration of these three subjects. Dr. McMinn uses relational cognitive therapy from a Christian perspective. All psychotherapies begin with particular worldview theories—typically a complex amalgam of science and metaphysics.A Christian theology hypothesize that God created and loves human, and all features of our world are stained by the influences of sin, and that God is energetic in curing and renovating that which is broken. From a Christian perception, Relational cognitive therapy can be used with a large range of clients, irrespective of their theological thoughts. The aim is not theological relationship, but psychological growth and spiritual knowledge . Like all psychotherapies, this approach begins with certain worldview theory that may influence clients' beliefs and norms in psychotherapy.These worldview theories should be revealed to clients early in therapy during the informed approval process. This therapy can be used with a broad range of clients, but not by a broad range of therapists. Therapists use this method need to have preparation in cognitive and relational therapies as well as an obvious consideration of a Christian worldview. â€Å"After many years of providing psychotherapy and studying the scientific literature on its effectiveness, I am convinced that good therapy works because it is a place that emulates grace.It is a place of acceptance and mercy, a place where sin and the consequences of sin can be openly explored without the fear of judgment. This frees people to look honestly at themselves, to become more open in their other relationships, and to move forward into richer and deeper connections with those they love. †¦ A place of grace needs to be a place of open exploration and acceptance, where both sin and the consequences of sin can be named and grieved. † (McMinn, 2004, p. 49) This book provides counselors the up to date techniques, theory, and general knowledge that is important to their field.This book explains the vitality of the spiritual subjects in psychotherapy. It assists counselors to put together the biblical principles of rescue, plea, mercy, recompense, and prayer into their counseling tactics. Generally masses are more theological than psychologists, so it is rational to anticipate that clients more probably will bring up theological ideas in therapy. Irrespective of the therapist's individual theological and spiritual beliefs, it is significant to have a fundamental perception of major theological worldviews in order to comprehend clients' faith perspectives.Secondly, many people in psychological pain seek the assistance of clergy rather than psychologis ts. As many as 40% of possible counseling clients look for help from clergy, and only a minimal percentage of these are recommended to mental health professionals. (McMinn & Dominguez, 2005) Thirdly, psychologists have displayed scientific interest in spirituality in last years, and have explored points of conflation in the languages of science and faith.(Tangney & Dearing, 2003) One comparatively undiscovered area in psychology has to do with the Christian structure of sin. This scripture proposes that all humans are stained and injured by misbehavior of their own and of others. A few psychologists and psychiatrists have endeavored into this area, such as Menninger (1973), Mowrer (1960), and McMinn (2004), but majorly psychologists have not thought about the concept of sin in human understanding and behavior.In the most initial treatment procedure, the patient starts to use words like good and bad, and it is our inclination as therapists to minimize the concentration of these words since they are relevant to a value system within the individual which has led to the current state of stress. †¦ We have jointly done an excellent job of minimizing the demonstration of good and bad and a very poor job of substituting these theories with satisfactory explanations which permit the personal self-acceptance and peace. (Graham, 1980, pp.370–371) This book is not a biblical psychology text (it is not a theology of the human soul), infect it never was projected to be such. Nor is it a history of spirituality (again, not its purpose). Nor is it a tactic for daily practice. Its capability, to sketch the concerns that one must think through when considering the possible relation of these disciplines, is its core importance. Therefore it is function as a catalyst. References Graham, S. R. (1980). Desire, belief, and grace: A psychotherapeutic paradigm.Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 17, 370–371. McMinn, M. R. (2004). Why sin matters: The surp rising relationship between our sin and God's grace. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House. McMinn, M. R. , & Dominguez, A. D. (Eds. ). (2005). Psychology and the church. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science. Menninger, K. (1973). Whatever became of sin? New York: Hawthorn Books. Mowrer, O. H. (1960). â€Å"Sin,† the lesser of two evils. American Psychologist, 15, 301–304. Tangney, J. P. , & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford Pres

Air Asia- Porter’s Five Forces

Porter’s five forces Michael E. Porter claimed that there are five competitive forces which can shape every industry by identify and analysis those five forces(appendix) and thus determine strengths and weaknesses of the industry. Those five forces are now used to determined Air Asia’s strengths and weaknesses which are shown as below: Threat of Entry There is a high barrier entering airlines industry since it requires high capital to set up everything such as purchase or lease air craft, set up office, hire staffs, and etc. Thus, this has reduced the treat to Air Asia. Moreover, brand awareness is quite important in this industry. Thus, to enter this industry not only required high capital but also have to take some time to create brand awareness. Consumers always choose the product or service they really trust. Thus, instead of creating brand awareness, new entry has to create so called brand loyalty. Hence, this is reducing treat to Air Asia too. ( Roy L. Simerly) However, the government legislation is one of the barriers for entering airlines industry. For example, MAS has been protected by Malaysia government on the route to Sydney and Seoul Incheon. Therefore Air Asia find itself very difficult getting a new route from government. This not only affects the timeline set by Air Asia but also influence their profit. Power of suppliers Every industry has someone to play the role as suppliers. Power of the suppliers is important as it will affect the industry. In airline industry, the power of suppliers is quite high since there are only two major suppliers which are Airbus and Boeing hence there are not many choices to airline industry. Nevertheless, the global economic crisis has limited the new entrant and also reducing the upgrade of planes in the immediate future. However, both suppliers provide almost same standard aircrafts and hence the switching to Air Asia is low. Moreover, Air Asia placed a large amount of order from Airbus in order to expand its routes to international routes. As a result, the power of suppliers may be reduced as Airbus’s profit may be influenced by Air Asia. ( Roy L. Simerly) Power of buyers Buyers are one of the factors which will give influence the industry whether making profit or loss. Nowadays, those buyers are much more knowledgeable and high educated. Thus, they are very sensitive to the price no matter in what product or service. In this case, even Air Asia always provide lowest price to customers, but they still will make comparison between airlines. Secondly, to switch to other service is very simple because Air Asia is not the only one who provides airline service. I. e. customers still can choose MAS, Tiger Airway, Firefly and etc. ( Roy L. Simerly) Moreover, Air Asia always leaves customers an image as they always delay the flight. Hence, as an investor or business man, they will choose more reliable airlines instead of Air Asia. Threat of substitutes Substitutes are products or services which can replace the original products or services and give almost same satisfaction to the consumers. In airline industry, there are two types of substitutes, indirect and direct substitutes. Indirect substitutes include train, bus, cruise and etc. On the other hand, direct substitutes indicate the other airline. Consumers usually prefer low cost. For example, from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore, there are few transports that consumers can choose such as bus, train and air travel. If the customer is going to a budgeted trip, definitely he will choose bus which is the lowest price among the three. Moreover, the technology is now make information much more easily to assess. Customers can easily compare the price among few airlines just by assessing internet as internet make information more transparency. Nevertheless, the archipelago geographical structure in Malaysia make air travel is the most viable, efficient and convenient mode of transportation. For example, travel from Kuala Lumpur to Bangkok, the customer may choose to take bus or air flight. However, air plane are much more convenient and also lesser time consuming compare with taking bus to Bangkok. Rivalry among existing competitors In every industry, there is positive or negative trend to industry growth rate. If there is positive trend, then the firms have not to steal the market share among them. However, in airline industry, the growth rate is really low due to limited customers. Thus, in order to expand, Air Asia has to steal the market share from its competitors. ( Roy L. Simerly) Secondly, Air Asia leads the main battlefield in price among competitors due to its low operating costs. However, there are more competitors enter to airline industry who have major carriers as their backers or owners may lead to ‘unreasonable’ price war in the future. Moreover, Air Asia is not the only one who provides airline service. There are few low cost carriers such as Firefly, Tiger Airway and etc which makes their services provided weak differentiation. Thus, it becomes a threat to Air Asia. Biblography Roy L. Simerly, Strategic Management Case Analysis,http://www. westga. edu/~bquest/2002/strategic1. htm, assess date: 10th may 2010 Investopedia, Industry Handbook: Porter's 5 Forces Analysis, http://www. investopedia. com/features/industryhandbook/porter. asp, assessed date: 8th may 2010

Buck ONeil - Address at the National Baseball Hall of Fame

John Jordan Buck ONeil Speech at the at the National Baseball Hall of Fame delivered 30 June 2006 Alright, sit down. This is outstanding! Ive been a lot of places. Ive done a lot of things that I really liked doing. I hit the homerun. I hit the grand slam homerun. I hit for the cycle. Ive had a hole-in-one in golf. Ive done a lot of things I liked doing. I shook hands with President Truman. Yeah. Oh, man, I took Oh, [shook hands] with the other President and Ihugged his wife, Hillary. So Ive done a lot of things I liked doing. But Id rather be right here, right now, representing these people that helped build a bridge across the chasm of prejudice not just the ones like Charlie Pride and me that later crossed it. Yeah. This is quite an honor for me.See, I played in the Negro Leagues. Tell you what: The Negro Leagues was nothing like Hollywood try to make it. The Negro Leagues was the third largest black business in this country. Yeah. First, black insurances to white insurances ten cent policy, just enough to bury us. But the black insurances insured our crops, our homes, yeah , our stock. They made millions. Next, Madame C.J. Walker cosmetology. You see that pretty hair over there? Dont you see it on Mrs. Robinson? Tell you what. Yeah. Thats right. Yeah. Yeah. Madame C. J. Walker was doing that a hundred years ago, and she made millions, to tell you the truth. Madame C. J. Walker was the first black woman millionaire in this country. And to tell you Madam C.J. Walker might have been the first woman millionaire in the country that earned it. They had other women millionaires but they inherited the money. Madam C.J. Walker earned it. Next, Negro League baseball. All you needed was a bus, and we rode in some of the best buses money could buy, yeah, a couple of sets of uniforms. You could have 20 of the best athletes that ever lived. And that’s who we are representing here today. It was outstanding. And playing in the Negro leagues what a lot of you don’t know. See, when I played in the Negro leagues I first came to the Negro leagues five percent of Major League ball players were college men because the major leaguers wanted them right out of high school, put them in the minor league, bring them on in. But Negro leagues, 40 percent of Negro leagues, leaguers, were college men. The reason that was, we always spring trained in a black college town and that’s who we played in spring training, the black colleges. So when school was out, they came and played baseball. When baseball season was over, they’d go back to teaching, to coaching, or to classes. That was Negro League baseball. And Im proud to have been a Negro league ball player. Yeah, yeah. And I tell you what, they always said to me Buck, I know you hate people for what they did to you or what they did to your folks. I said, No, man, I I never learned to hate. I hate cancer. Cancer killed my mother. My wife died 10 years ago of cancer. (Im single, ladies.) A good friend of mine I hate AIDS. A good friend of mine died of AIDS three months ago. I hate AIDS. But I can’t hate a human being because my God never made anything ugly. Now, you can be ugly if you wanna, boy, but God didn’t make you that way. Uh, uh. So, I want you to light this valley up this afternoon. Martin [Luther King] said Agape is understanding, creative a redemptive good will toward all men. Agape is an overflowing love which seeks nothing in return. And when you reach love on this level, you love all men, not because you like em, not because their ways appeal to you, but you love them because God loved them. And I love Jehovah my God with all my heart, with all my soul, and I love every one of you as I love myself. Now, I want you to do something for me. I’m fixin to get off this stage now. I think I done my six minutes. But I want you to do something for me. I want you to hold hands. Whoever’s next to you, hold a hand. Come on, you Hall of Famers, hold hands. All you people out there, hold hands. Everybody hooked up? Everybody hooked up? Well then I tell you what. See, I know my brothers up here, my brothers over there I see some black brothers of mine and sisters out there I know they can sing. Can you white folks sing? I want you to sing after me: The greatest thing come on everybody The greatest thing in all of my life is loving you. The greatest thing in all of my life is loving you. The greatest thing in all of my life is loving you. The greatest thing in all my life is loving you. ¹ Thank you, folks. Thank you, folks. Thank you, folks. Thank you, folks. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Now, sit down. Now, sit down. I could talk to you 10 minutes longer, but I got to go to the bathroom. Book/CDs by Michael E. Eidenmuller, Published by McGraw-Hill (2008)  ¹ = from the contemporary Christian praise song, The Greatest Thing by Mark Pendergrass, Sparrow Records (1977) See also: The Negro League Baseball Players Association and The Baseball Hall of Fame. Copyright Status: Text, Audio = Uncertain.

Would implementing groupware in our organization be more trouble than Case Study

Would implementing groupware in our organization be more trouble than it would be worth - Case Study Example The complexity of data collection, reporting, and analysis can be averted by the effective implementation of Groupware. Although groupware is intended for individuals to access common data and to empower effective communication, there are certain troubles the implementation of groupware can cause. Groupware is supported by the modern computer network technology which includes email, electronic calendar, chat, electronic meeting systems, video conferencing, and web publishing (Nominal Group Technique). The initial challenge is associated with groupware designing because it is more complex than installing a single user system. Most of the organizations confront with problems related to a proper system design and acquisition. It is an area where entrepreneurs need to hire the assistance of some professionals and vendor experts. In addition, the groupware project manager should have up-to-date technical and professional knowledge because system development and implementation are the significant stages where specialized understanding is needed. Conflicts of interests and employee resistance usually occur when the new system is implemented in a conventional form of organization. For instance, as found in a case study, when two innovations were introduced simultaneously, peer review and groupware, individuals became skeptical of the systems (O’Connor 1999, p. 15). To deal with such situations, organization should make an assessment about the acceptability attitude of the managers, staff and other employees prior to the design and development of the project. Management should keep well designed strategies to educate members on the effective usage of the system for attaining common objectives. However, it is assumed that management will often confront with ‘issues of how to reward a given individual for team outcomes’ (O’Connor 1999, p. 16). Another challenge is

Average amount of people late to work on a daily Essay

Average amount of people late to work on a daily - Essay Example The one chosen was had a population of 2,000 with 525 households. Only adults participated. Most people in the area had families living with them and lived just outside the base. Others had to travel to their work. Observations were also conducted directly on people living on their daily reporting routines to job. The questionnaires would then be filled by the researchers on the topics they could observe without bias. 250 questionnaires were received back, 172 of the total were completely filled, 50 were partially filled and 28 were damaged. The 172 were used to conduct the analysis. NB: those who work on weekends not included. Data was collected for only a week. This cannot give the final trend of the militia’s lateness. Therefore the data given should be compared with other research done before coming up with the final opinion. We had to ask why they failed to reach their workplaces in time. This had numerous response as they tried to justify themselves for their shortcomings. Some reasons were observed by the researchers in their data collection process. In the end we compiled the logical reasons putting others as one point while disintegrating others (Moses, 1996).The reasons given were mostly the same and they are numbered below. Lateness to work has caused many to lose their jobs, demoted to a lower position or have their salary being cut down. Warnings are always given before these consequences are faced. Those who fail to heed are the ones who suffer. When excuses are given, they should be genuine in order not to face one of the above. Sometimes people cheat to be given an excuse for coming late. They normally face a tougher punishment for doing this. These reasons are the ones which were faced by greater number of respondents. Some were minor reasons which only affected a few and could be done away with if one became serious with their work. In the event of collecting data, some of the reason were also faced by the

Economics - Telecommunications Industry Research Paper

Economics - Telecommunications Industry - Research Paper Example All the leading companies are now keen to invest in this prosperous industry. For all these reason this industry is also creating huge amount of employment opportunity across the globe (economywatch.com, 2009). It has a great impact on a country’s economy including both microeconomic as well as macroeconomic effects. The social impact is gaining importance day by day with the popularity of social networking sites and SMS. In cultural terms it has raised the availability of music and films to the general mass. Telecommunication has also changed the medium through which people receive their news. A study of US citizens shows that people get their news from TV or radio rather than by news papers. The benefit of the use of internet is also known to everybody by now. In these several ways telecommunication industry helps the world to engulf the barrier of distance that exists among people. Shifts in demand or supply of a particular commodity occur due to several factors affecting the supply and demand schedule and in the telecommunication industry there exist some factors that can shift the supply and demand schedule upward or downward depending upon the nature of impact. Changes in income, changes in price of other commodities, changes in people’s expectation can influence the demand where as discoveries, introduction of new technologies, changes in input supply can alter the supply schedule directly or indirectly. For example innovation of better and improved technology will help the industry to connect their subscriber in cost that is lower than the previous. More people will demand it leading the demand curve to shift upward and based on improved technology they would be able to serve larger people causing a shift to the supply curve (Amato J D, & Morris S 2002). Price elasticity of demand and supply is a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied respectively to a change in the price of the same

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Portfolio - Essay Example The graduate employers find it hard to fill up the vacancies in spite of receiving innumerable applicants because of the shortage of good quality graduates. It is now utmost important for the applicant to consider what constitute the good quality graduates. However, there has been a shift in the preferences and expectations of the employer when it comes to graduates and the skills that they suppose them to possess. The organisations prefer to have people with firm or industry specific knowledge (Scribd, n.d.). Preferred Job Area After completion of my graduation, I wish to work as a ‘Human Resource Officer’. The respective field has been chosen as I have always been interested in the Human Resource related activities. The task of the human resource officer is to provide advice and implement policies that relates to the effective use of the personnel within the organisation. The main aim of the human resource officer is to ensure that the organisation employs right balanc e of the staffs according to their knowledge and skills. They also need to check if the training and development opportunities are made available to the employees in order to enhance their performances. The human resource officer needs to have a clear understanding of what the objective of the employers business is and they must be able to make and implement the policies that helps to select, develop as well as retain the correct staff which is required to meet these objectives. There has been change in the character of the HR professionals. The nature of the work of the human resource profession varies according to the organisation. However, it is likely to include working in tandem with the departments, liaising with the wide range of people that is involved in the policy areas such as staff performance, their health and safety, negotiating with the staffs and their representatives on matters related to the pay and condition, administering the payroll and the maintenance of the em ployee record (Prospects, 2010). Various organisations offers HR Officers job in the UK. Few of them are United Response, Huntress Search Limited and Candidate Source Limited (Monster, 2010). United Response is a charity that works across England and Wales. It caters support to the people who have various disabilities (United Response, 2010). The recruitment process of the United Response is quite simple. The candidate needs to register online. The candidate will be required to answer few simple questions and then they can either qualify for an interview on the day of recruitment or on some other day (United Response, 2010). Huntress is one of the most creative, active and rapidly growing recruitment groups. It is a multi award wining company having 18 centres in the UK. It is soon going to expand its operation both internationally and domestically (Huntress Commercial, n.d.). The company requires that the candidate should have certain kind of generalist HR experience and must be ab le to deal with various kinds of HR issues (Monster, n.d.). Networx is another famous company based in the UK, Leicestershire. The company work together with the clients and the candidates and tries to deliver a qualitative professional service that not only focus upon the time and the cost efficiency, but also put stress upon the

Management Practive in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Practive in Business - Essay Example The planning process focuses on the realistic view of the business expectation. The presence of proper planning process in an organization helps the management of the organization in maintaining a focus towards the overall growth and development of the business. The planning process also helps the organization in providing a framework for the business and provides the organization with a benchmark for measuring the performance of the organization (Reilly, Minnick & Baack, 2011). Considering the importance of planning in the business organization, the planning process in Liberty mutual insurance is being analyzed critically. The first step maintained by Liberty Mutual insurance in their planning process is in setting the basic target of the organization which includes clarification of the vision, mission and goals of the organization. The vision of Liberty mutual insurance involves providing every one with the same amount of opportunity to live their dreams. The mission of the organiz ation states that the organization is in the process of value creation for the citizens with the help of the effective and profitable life insurance plans. The goals of the organization are also made clear and it aims at becoming a leading provider of life insurance services in the global market by focusing attention towards the customer satisfaction. The organization also aims at enhancing the value of stakeholders by achieving reputations in the market through the business practices. In matters of implementation of any strategic decision in the organization; the mission, vision and goals are kept in mind. Before planning for any changes in the organization, careful market research is conducted and due importance is provided to the needs of the customers. During the decision making process ideas are taken from all levels of the management and clear analysis of the views of the employees are done. The various departments within the organization are assigned with the responsibility o f managing their own department and integration within different department is maintained. As the goals of the organization, includes the creation of values to the customers, careful steps are being adopted to make the products of the organization popular among the customers by addressing their needs in a proper manner. The management also is looking for expansion in the international markets, by conducting studies regarding the market feasibility of various economies. Leading: Leadership is one of the important attribute of good managers and the process of overall leading of the employees to attain their goals and objectives often determines the success of an organization. The process of leading the employees in the organization starts after the goals are set by the management (Canada, 2009, p.22). In Liberty mutual Insurance, the workings of the organization is strengthened by the presence of effective leadership quality of the key personnel who constantly dedicates their best in helping the employees to attain their goals set by the organizations. One important characteristic of the leaders in the organizat

Galactic Concert Cultural Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Galactic Concert Cultural Event - Essay Example Therefore, this paper intends to provide a comprehensive report on a cultural event that I attended recently; in terms of my experience, details of the event and my general reaction upon attending the occasion. Galactic Concert Last February, 23rd 2012 was a great day for me and most of the people in Washington DC. This is because of the great, live cultural concert that had been organized to entertain people on that day. Since I am passionate about such performances, I decided to attend the event so as to a firsthand experience of the performance. All along, I had heard and read about the concert from friends and the media, but it never made a lot of sense to me. Nevertheless, when I was walking on the streets last month, I had a glimpse of poster and got interested in it. That is when I developed a keen interest and curiosity, but the event, and decided to be part of the audience. Luckily, the poster had adequate information on the event including the date, time, venue, charges and the performers. The event was scheduled to take place on the February 23rd 2012, in 9:30 Club in Washington DC. The Club was the host of an amazing night performance of the New Orleans funk and soul. When I arrived at the club, I was astonished to find a hall full of individuals and fans that had come to witness the great talents and wonderful voices of the Orleans band. Some of the attendees included high school, university and college students, single men and women, and many old people. The attendees were widespread from foreigners, black and white Americans. I was shocked to see people from African, Asian, European, and Chinese descents. Besides, there were numerous dignitaries and other artists in the club, all eager to watch the performance. In fact, one of the guest singers that attended the concert is Corey Glover, a member of the Living Color band. Before I attended the concert, I was very curious about the concert; the kind of dances and music that would be performed to th e audience. At some point, I decided not brush away the idea of attending it since I thought it was one of those boring live performances in Washington DC. I had a totally different opinion about the performance; that is it was only enjoyed by the old people, particularly Americans. I also did not expect to see the club filled with people from different races, ages and professions. What is more, I had no slightest idea that people like culture and always celebrate it. When the performance started, the hall got into a frenzied dance and song that shocked more than it excited me. This is because I never expected such a marvelous performance from the New Orleans band. It is difficult to overstate the thrill and infectious energy and vigor of the Orleans’ live performance in the club that day. The New Orleans’ band led the audience on a brass-fueled and unforeseen march through funk, soul and hip-hop. The group is simply combined with rock and New Orleans jazz music and da nce. The fans got entertained as they sang and danced along with the artists, while some surged forward to get singers’ handshake and autographs after the show. Generally, the show was a significant eye-opener to me as regards my view on the whole issue of culture. Before this particular performance, I had taken culture as a backward thing, especially concerning soul, and jazz music. I also thought that kind

Are Clausewitz theory of Friction and Means and Ends relevant to a Research Paper

Are Clausewitz theory of Friction and Means and Ends relevant to a college student today - Research Paper Example It is important to remember that the fog stems from corrupted information and so, the US officers can get better able to see and interpret everything by making advancements in information technologies. This research paper is basically an attempt to scrutinize the extent to which the Clausewitzian concepts on war can be considered relevant today for college students by exploring what the research literature has to say on the subject. Carl Von Clausewitz served in military army and developed many momentous theories about war. Those theories can be found in his epic book â€Å"On War† which was still unfinished when he died. He has gained more reputation till now as a military theorist than a military professional. The fact that Clausewitz’s work is still frenetically researched demonstrates that it is found relevant even today in contemporary times. Also, my opinion is that I appreciate and enjoy Clausewitz’s theoretical approaches to war. I believe that he has con veyed what it takes to really understand the phenomenon of war through his insightful theories which can be useful to anybody even today in the modern times. According to Clausewitz, â€Å"war is served by many activities† (2008, p. ... In his theory about means and end, he favors strategy over tactics. His concept of tactics is a confluence of two streams, means (fighting forces) and ends (victory) suggesting that better trained fighting forces can lead to victory if they are more experienced at seeing and processing information on the battlefield. This is because once the means are properly developed, the purposes of the war get clearer, and the desired objectives can be reached without unnecessary delays due to uncertainty (fog). However, in strategy the means is victory and the end is things which can help to reestablish peace. Just victory is not important, reestablishment of peace should also be a desired end. I find Clausewitz’s theoretical concepts to be both thought-provoking and acutely insightful because he digs with acute intelligence into a variety of meanings associated with friction and means and ends, and the best part is that every meaning holds something captivating to reflect. Clausewitz ho lds the position that the rate of probability is especially high in a situation like war because everything is uncertain. Here, he goes against earlier war theorists who attempted to astutely assess the war performance by using hard and fast rules. For this purpose, the earlier theorists concentrated only on factors which could be calculated like the war supplies, number of participants (soldiers), interior lines etc. They forgot to assess the conduct of war by considering factors which do not have fixed values and cannot be calculated. It is the work of those theorists which cannot be considered relevant today because the times have changed and there is no room for those inflexible concepts on war now. Clausewitz’s work on war in reference to its relevance today

The Thin Line Between Love and Hate Essay Example for Free

The Thin Line Between Love and Hate Essay The actions of the believer while visiting the Houses of Allah must vary from his normal actions outside of the masjid. This is due to his awareness of the sacredness of this house. He keeps in mind at all times, that he is visiting a place that has been established for the worship of Allah, and therefore, that which takes place in it should be mainly focused on actions which draw one nearer to Allah. Subsequently, the following actions are forbidden: 1. Speaking loudly or about matters of no real importance Al Saeeb bin Yazeed mentioned: I was standing in the masjid one day when I felt someone pocking me. When I turned around I saw that it was ‘Umar bin al Khattab. He instructed me to bring him two men who were in the masjid raising their voices. When I brought him the two men ‘Umar asked them: Where are you from? They replied: We are from Taif. ‘Umar said: If you were from this city, I would have beaten you! You were raising your voices in the masjid of the Prophet?! (Sahih Bukhari) Sa’eed bin al Musayib mentioned: â€Å"When a person sits in a masjid, indeed he is sitting for the worship of his Lord, and therefore he should only speak with that which is good.† (Tafsir al Qurtubi) It is also befitting to remind those whom bring children to the Houses of Allah that they are responsible for monitoring their children and making sure their behaviour is not a disturbance to fellow worshippers. The Prophet of Allah (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: â€Å"All of you are guardians, and everyone will be questioned concerning those under his care.†(Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim) Although this hadith is general, without a doubt, it applies to those whom accompany their children along with them to the Houses of Allah. The guardian should teach those in his care the correct manners of visiting the house of worship. He should not allow his child to run around and disturb others who are seeking nearness to Allah. If the child is too young and cannot be taught these manners, it is preferable to leave the child at home rather than cause disturbance to others within the masjid. 2. Reciting Quran loudly to the extent that it disturbs other worshippers Abu Sa’eed al Khudri reported that the Messenger of Allah (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) heard some people reciting the Quran loudly in the masjid, whereupon he said to them: â€Å"All of you intend to call on his Lord, therefore you should not harm one another, nor should you raise your voices in recitation.† (Sunan Abi Dawud) In the above narration we have a clear prohibition from the Prophet with regards to disturbing others in the masjid, so what is the case with those who disturb others with vain talk, music on their cell phones, laughing and joking, etc?! No Muslim would doubt that recitation of the Quran is one of the most beloved actions to Allah, and even with its great status in Islam, the Prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has forbidden that a person recites to the extent that he disturbs his fellow worshippers. This informs that those who disturb others with matters less in status than the Quran have indeed committed a grave wrong. 3. Crossing the path of someone praying The Prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: â€Å"If the person walking in front of someone praying knew the extent of his fault, it would be better for him to wait forty before crossing in front of someone praying.† (Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim) In conclusion These were just a few etiquettes which we felt the need to remind ourselves and our brothers and sisters as it relates to attending the Houses of Allah.Allah knows best. May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon His final Prophet and Messenger, and upon his family members and companions.

Invent School Program Essay Example for Free

Invent School Program Essay I. Introduction Some students from Bansud National Highschool – Regional Science Highschool for Region IV-B MIMAROPA with other school’s representative from different towns in Mindoro joined a seminar held on 16-17th day of April 2013 at Filipiniana Hotel Convention Hall Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro. The seminar is about on how to make a Science Investigatory Project and some topics regarding in research fields. The representative of Department of Science and Technology – Technology Application and Promotion Institute (DOST – TAPI) organized a seminar for us. The speakers for the seminar are Dr. George M. Colorado, Ms. Teresita O. De Vera, and others. In our two-day seminar the topics they discussed is about â€Å"Creativity†, †Creative, Perceptive, and Inventive Thinking†, â€Å"Ideation tools and Techniques†, â€Å"Creative Problem Solving Process†, â€Å"Invention Development†, â€Å"Prior Art Search†, and â€Å"Intelectual Property Rights.† II. Knowledge / Learning Acquired I have knowledge on making a Science Investigatory Project because when I was on 5th grade level I joined a contest regarding on it. I also have knowledge in research fields because we have a subject about in our class about it. Based on what I learned from the seminar It is important to always ask yourself, train to think always so that your mind can easily perceive the things around our surroundings to come up a novel invention. I also learned from the speakers the difference of an invention and not. The most emphasized thing in the seminar is how to think and invent a creative Science Investigatory Project. III. Observation During our seminar I observed that our speakers have enough knowledge about the topic they are discussing. I also observed that they have freebies for us to participate in their discussion and question and answer portion. I observed that all students are interested to the topic they discussed and participated with the speakers attentively and most of all listened enough to learn. IV. Recommendations/ Suggestions I suggest that they provide a hand outs for all the participants of the seminar so that the participants or all students have notes to be compile and use it while the seminar is going on so that they don’t need to copy instead they will focused on listening to the speaker.

History Of The Cinema Evolution Film Studies Essay

History Of The Cinema Evolution Film Studies Essay The Frenchman Louis Lumiere is always credited and he actually is known as the inventor of the motion picture camera in 1895. Other inventors preceded him, and Lumieres achievement should always be considered in the context of this creative period. Lumieres portable, suitcase-sized cinematography served as a camera, film processing unit, and projector all in one. He could shoot footage in the morning, process it in the afternoon, and then project it to an audience that evening. His first film was the arrival of the express train at Ciotat. Other subjects included workers leaving the factory gates, a child being fed by his parents, people enjoying a picnic along a river. The ease of use and portability of his device soon made it the rage in France. Cinematographes soon were in the hands of Lumiere followers all over the world, and the motion picture era began. The American Thomas Alva Edison was a competitor of Lumieres, and his invention predated Lumieres. But Edisons motion picture camera was bulky and not portable. The promoter in Lumiere made the difference in this competition. (Yahnke, 1996) For the first twenty years of motion picture history most silent films were shortonly a few minutes in length. At first a novelty, and then increasingly an art form and literary form, silent films reached greater complexity and length in the early 1910s. The films on the list above represent the greatest achievements of the silent era, which endedafter years of experimentationin 1929 when a means of recording sound that would be synchronous with the recorded image was discovered. Few silent films were made in the 1930s, with the exception of Charlie Chaplin, whose character of the Tramp perfected expressive physical moves in many short films in the 1910s and 1920s. When the silent era ended, Chaplin refused to go along with sound; instead, he maintained the melodramatic Tramp as his mainstay in City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936). The trademarks of Chaplins Tramp were his ill-fitting suit, floppy over-sized shoes and a bowler hat, and his ever-present cane. A memorable image i s Chaplins Tramp shuffling off, penguin-like, into the sunset and spinning his cane whimsically as he exits. He represented the little guy, the underdog, someone who used wit and whimsy to defeat his adversaries. Eisensteins contribution to the development of cinema rested primarily in his theory of editing, or montage, which focused on the collision of opposites in order to create a new entity. One of the greatest achievements in editing is the Odessa Steps sequence, in his film Potemkin (1925). Eisenstein intercut between shots of townspeople trapped on the steps by Czarist troops, and shots of the troops firing down upon the crowd. Members of the crowd became individual characters to viewers as the montage continued. Within the editing track the fate of these individuals was played out. A mother picks up her dead child and confronts the troops. Then she is shot. A student looks on in terror and then fleeshis fate uncertain. An old woman prays to be spared, but she is killed by a soldier who slashes her face with his saber. When a woman holding her baby carriage is killed, she falls to the steps, and the carriage begins a precipitous declineshots of the baby crying are intercut with wide sh ots of the carriage rolling down the steps. To Eisenstein, each individual shot contributed energy within the editing track that yielded far more than the sum total of shots. In other words, the combination of shots through editing created a new entity, based on the expressive emotional energy unleashed through the editing process. Although the technology for making movies was invented in 1895, a significant realization of the potential for film as art occurs with the appearance of D. W. Griffiths 1915 full-length epic, Birth of a Nation. In this film Griffith utilized crosscutting (parallel editing) effectively, particularly at the climax, when a number of editing tracks play off one another. He also portrayed battle scenes magnificently, with action in one set of shots moving from left to right, while action in another set of shots moves from right to left. But Griffiths work is diminished severely by the overt racism employed in characterizations and plotting. Then comes German Expressionism, and it was from 1919 to 1925. German got an innovative art, newly urban subject matter and refinement of technique. At that time Germany was politically, socially, economically crippled. But they influenced and thus the German directors deserve credit for their experimentation with unusual camera angles and complex stage settings. Two examples of this approach is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) by Robert Wiene. The latter is also credited with perfecting the use of visual language in The Last Laugh (1924), a film about a lonely old man who is ridiculed by others. Few titles are used in the film because Murnau is able to communicate meaning by virtue of well-placed visual cues. They also got and directed mythological film like Metropolis which was spectacular. Then they brought vampire kind of films which were again something new to cinema. After that chamber play film came which was not much of expressionistic. During that time the Last laugh was t he finest German silent film. The 1920s was a miraculous golden age for Soviet cinema, both for features and documentary. The films were meticulously curated and handsomely presented collection convey the incredible excitement filmmakers felt at the opportunity to participate in the construction of the worlds first socialist state. Freed from the need to make money that drove the Hollywood industry, they could focus on educating the new Soviet population. All the films were originally released between 1924 and 1930. Each has a nifty new musical score, using both previously composed and original material. Robert Israel compiled four of them; his score to the early morning Moscow street scenes in The House on the Trubnaya makes ingenious use of Sergei Prokofievs piano cycle, Fugitive Visions, to set the mood. Lev Kuleshov not only made films, but also wrote extensively on film theory. His imaginative parody upends negative Western preconceptions about Russians and Bolsheviks, even as it consciously imitates the sty le of the American action films he so admired. With an all-star cast that includes the manic, leering Aleksandra Khokhlova and cameo appearances by two directors (Boris Barnet and Vsevolod Pudovkin) reaches its Buster-Keaton-like climax in a memorable chase sequence. In 1926, Kuleshovs style had dramatically changed, becoming less artificial and more moody and psychological under the influence of German expressionism. The coming of sound fueled a number of genre developments in Hollywood cinema. One obvious example is the film musical. Less obvious is how the horror genre also dramatized and explored potentials that synchronized sound brought to Hollywood films. Hollywood cinema was suggested by the exhibitors weekly Harrisons Reports when it explained the success of The Jazz Singer: It was the talk that Al Jolson made here and there and his singing of his Mammy song, chiefly the singing of Mammy. It was so successfully done that people were thrilled. The sight of Mr. Jolson singing to his mother, sitting in the orchestra, stirred the spectators emotions as they were stirred by few pictures; it brought tears to the eyes of many spectators. Warner Bros is best known for its innovations in sound technology. In 1925 Warner partnered with Western Electric to develop a sound system. This involved a massive investment as the company had to reconvert all its theatres. Two years later, with much fanfare, the studio released The Jazz Singer. It was herald as the first talking picture and was a huge international success, eventually grossing 3 million dollars. The sound was recorded on discs that each had a total playing time equal to one reel of film. Because this form of synchronized sound was rather unreliable, it was soon replaced by sound recorded directly onto film.

The History of the English Language Essay -- Papers History Historical

The History of the English Language In this paper I will discuss where and how the English language originated and how it has spread to become one of the most spoken languages in the world. Before I started my research on my topic of choice, my original hypothesis was that the English language was started by a whole assortment of Germanic tribes invading England thousands of years ago. This ultimately became the goal of my paper, to see if Germanic tribes started the English language, or if it was started from some other tribes that I was not aware of. The history of the English language is of significance because English is spoken more frequently than any other language except Chinese, (Bright, 1992). A Germanic language, English is spoken by an estimated 1,500,000,000 people, and that number is ever increasing, (Crystal, 1992). English is the chief language of world publishing, science and technology, conferencing, and computer storage as well as the language of international air traffic control (Crystal, 1992). English is also used for purposes of international communications, and international politics, business communications, and academic communities (Crystal, 1992). The history of English can be traced to the colonization of people from a family of languages, which spread throughout Europe and southern Asia in the fourth millennium BC, (Crystal, 1992). It is thought that a semi nomadic population living in the region to north of the Black Sea moved west to Europe and east to Iran and India, spreading their culture and languages (Crystal, 1992). The European languages and Sanskrit, the oldest language of the Indian sub-continent, were tied to a common source. When a systematic resemblance was discovered in bot... ...New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. 410-415. 3. Craig, Albert M., et al., Eds. et The Heritage of World Civilizations. 2 Vols. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. 446-447. 4. Crystal, David, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. 2nd Ed. New York: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1997. 298-299. 5. Crystal, David. An Encyclopedia Dictionary of Language and Languages. USA: Blackwell Publishers, 1992. 121-122, 134, 185-186. 6. Dalby, Andrew. Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to more than 400 Languages. London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 1998.166-179. 7. OGrady, William, Michael Dobrovolsky and Mark Aronoff. Contemporary Linguistics. 3rd Ed. New York: St. Martins Press, Inc., 1992. 332. 8. Van Doren, Charles. A History of Knowledge Past, Present, and Future. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992. 154.

Attention Must Be Paid to Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Attention Must Be Paid to Death of a Salesman        Ã‚  Ã‚   When Arthur Miller wrote "Death of a Salesman" many considered it a modern masterpiece. It has spurred debate among academics and stirred the emotions of hundreds of thousands of audiences and readers alike. However, there is a growing trend among many who approach this play to condemn Willy Loman out of hand. Entire new generations of readers feel nothing for the plight of Willy Loman; they believe his actions merit his destruction. Why is this? Has there been a fundamental but subtle shift in societal attitudes not just toward literature but toward life in general? If so, does this affect the validity of Miller's vision as presented in "Death of a Salesman"? This play must be seen as something more than an invigorating academic challenge, a pawn in the petty games of academia. It is so much more than that. Attention, attention must be paid to such a person and such a play.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Late twentieth century society has made the transition from agrarian and rural communities to massive urban industrialization. These changes can and have been monitored; they are tangible. Small family operated businesses and farms have been gobbled up by multinational conglomerates. The days of the employer as a sort of surrogate parent to his or her loyal employees are over. Our world no longer has time for Willy Loman. We discard these people as inefficient, burdensome, and unnecessary, all in the name of progress. Willy Lomans are expendable commodities to be used up and cast aside. This change in societal attitudes, though perhaps not as tangible, is very real. A social theory as well as a literary one is needed, therefore, to reconcile Miller's play with the modern world.    Marxist literary criticism is one such theory. It relates literature to the society which produced it and the society that consumes it. Examining the ideological basis and historical context which surround the play result in a better understanding not only of the text but of the changes in our society as well. We must begin beneath the surface of the play, in abstraction, to search for the ideologies that control the action of the play. To the Marxist, ideology is more than a doctrine or set of doctrines; it is an amorphous body of free-floating images that pervades and manipulates all aspects of life.

How Young People Use Sunscreen :: Skin Protection

How Young People Use Sunscreen One of the biggest aspects of college is learning to how to live on one’s own. Protecting one’s self is a large part of this. Hygiene in the communal showers, eating the right foods, exercising the right amount, avoiding substance abuse and practicing safe sex are just a few of things a person in college must look out for. But what about the sun? Lost among the shuffle is protection from the piercing ultraviolet rays from our closest star. When compared against other dangers such as obesity or alcoholism, melanoma seems to hold its own. So what are kids doing to protect themselves? There are very simple ways to protect ourselves from the sun. A hat is useful and sunglasses make it easier on our eyes. One often overlooked alternative is sunscreen. Why don’t more people use it? A study conducted eight years ago interviewed people of all ages and backgrounds in an effort to study sunbathing and solar protection habits. This study found that roughly only half of the people who sunbathe with any frequency use sunscreen. When broken down into demographics, one can see that the percentages are lower for the 16-25 year old group than in any other group interviewed (Koh). These numbers clearly indicate that not enough young people are using sunscreen. Why not? Any person that looks at me can tell that I’m too Irish from my own good. While this may have an advantage or two, it presents a serious problem in an environment like Miami. Someone like me cannot last long in this sun. How do I protect myself for extended periods of time? That’s right, SPF 50. Go on, laugh, but I have never burned when I have used it. What about other, less Irish people? At the end of August I took a trip to South Beach with a group of seven people. There were several Miami natives, but others hailed from the North. Yet only I wore sunscreen. In June a dozen of my friends and I went on a week-long trip to Ocean City. After the first day at the beach, nine of my friends suffered from sun poisoning and spent the majority of the trip indoors. So why don’t kids use sunscreen? Is it something that comes with maturity? Or must it be learned through experience? I personally learned through experience. I fell asleep on a boat once and woke up with some of the worst sunburn an afternoon sun can give you.

Plato’s Three Parts of The Soul Essay

As the founder of the first university and considered the most powerful thinker in history Plato believed that the soul was made of three parts. The Three Parts of the Soul in Plato’s Republic and Phaedrus are mans Appetite (Black Horse on Left), Spirited (White Horse on Right), and Reason (Charioteer). Each part of the soul has it’s own virtue as well as its own vice. Temperance is the virtue of Appetite, Courage the virtue of Spirit, and Wisdom is the virtue of Reason. It was Plato’s belief that goodness and justice come from the correct balance of the Three Parts of the Soul. We will uncover the perfect balance of the soul According to Plato and how goodness and justice come form this balance. Known as our animal side the appetitive part of the soul includes a myriad of desires for different pleasures, comforts, physical satisfaction, and bodily ease. Temperance, which is the virtue of the appetite, is ones ability to exhibit moderation and self-restraint when indulging in life’s pleasures. The good and just practice temperance while the evil and unjust practice lust, greed, and gluttony, commonly referred to as the Vice of the appetitive part of the soul. There are so many appetites that Plato does not mention all of them, but he does say that they can often be in conflict with each other. In the republic the workers and artisans were in this category. The ugly black horse on the left represents the appetitive element of the soul. The spirited part of the soul or hot-blooded part is where we get our source of action. This is the part of the soul that will get angry if we feel an injustice is being done. It is also the part of us that loves facing and overcoming challenges, the part that loves victory, challenge, and winning. Courage, which is the virtue of the spirited element of the soul, enables the soldier to stand and fight as well as control the lower class consisting of merchants, artisans and peasants. The souls source of action derives from courage and enables the appetitive part of the soul to exhibit moderation and self-restraint keeping us good and just. Anger and envy are the vices of the spirited part of the soul. When anger and envy take control gluttony, lust, and greed will soon follow. The spirited element of the soul is represented by the noble white horse on the right. The last and most important element of the soul according to Plato is reason. This is the part of the soul that thinks, looks ahead, analyzes, rationally weighs options and tries to decide what is best for us overall. It was Plato’s belief that the rational part of the soul convinces the spirited part of the soul to control the appetitive part of the soul. This is the only way one could achieve balance and harmony. The rulers and philosophers were amongst the most rational people in the republic. The charioteer represents our mind and conscious awareness that is guiding the horses and chariot. The charioteer should be in charge of the whole system deciding about when to give each horse it rein or when to hold it back. The horses should not govern the whole system; the whole system should be run by the rational decisions of the charioteer. Plato believed this was the perfect balance of the soul and would lead to harmonization and happiness of the soul creating a good and just person.

Industrialization by Invitation

Industrialisation is the process of social and economic change whereby a social group is transferred from a manual labor based structure to a more technologically driven society and where the economy gains much more capital via manufacturing industries. Caribbean economies have been labeled as weak and dependent, and controlled by stronger foreign states and institutions (The Plantation Economy). Sir Arthur Lewis, St. Lucia? s first Nobel Prize winner, has released several publications on the issue of underdeveloped nations in the Caribbean and solutions to correct this underdevelopment.Of these publications is the concept of ? Industrialisation by invitation?. Lewis felt that this was a step needed to be taken for the British West Indies to develop. Sir Arthur Lewis policy aided in the development of the B. W. I but the policy itself also hindered development as well as left out major aspects of development. After Lewis studied the system known as Operation Bootstrap (policy of deli berately inviting foreign direct investors) in Puerto Rico, he set out to adopt and implement similar in the British West Indies.The economies of the British Caribbean were mainly agricultural and there was a need to stimulate industrial growth and trade in manufactured goods, to diversify the economic base, since these economies were mainly monocrop economies. This term not only refers to the dependence on sugar and bananas, it also characterizes the dependence on tourism or the oil industry. Lewis therefore proposed the strategy to invite foreign investment as a way to stimulate growth, not only in industry but also agriculture, and therefore to reduce the dependency on the export sector.He reasoned that the British West Indies had a great abundance of unskilled labour in agriculture and amongst the unemployed. These countries did not have much capital. Thus multinational corporations (MNCs) with millions of dollars at their disposal were to be invited to the British West Indies w here they could earn huge profits by employing cheap surplus labour from agriculture. They would also benefit from tax holidays for the first five or ten years of their operations, and other concessions such as subsidies.In other words incentives would be offered to encourage these corporations to invest . Caribbean governments popularly adopted this policy in the 1960s. Several foreign based companies that are established today in the Caribbean are the result of Sir Lewis’ policy. This is most apparent in the tourist industry many foreigners have invested in hotels which employ the majority of people. Several countries within the Caribbean have attempted Sir Arthur Lewis? concept of ? Industrialisation by Invitation? with the outcomes being mixed. This meaning that it expanded direct foreign investment, injecting capital into local institutions. However, this increase in foreign investment brought about a higher dependency level on technology, raw materials and capital from abroad. Without these investments, the Caribbean would still be in a pre-industrialised state, with little growth in the economies. It has been argued that Caribbean economies have achieved a lot of growth; however without or in fact limited development.Yes, the region? s infrastructure has improved dramatically but their industries and companies are mainly foreign and therefore a substantial amount of profits made are sent abroad. Development therefore has been limited with the major organizations within the economy being foreign and not indigenous. Sir Arthur Lewis? concept of ? Industrialisation by Invitation? was not completely successful since the ? development? of the countries? economies did not reach the limits Lewis predicted.Currently the world market has a major negative effect and influence on the Caribbean economies due to the region? s dependence on foreign investments. Example of an essay on industrialization invitation theory Arthur Lewis Industrializagtion by invita tion To what extent can it be argued that Sir Arthur Lewis policy of ‘Industrialisation by Invitation’ aided in the development of the B. W. I By Jennine Small. According to Nassur Mustapha development is defined as, ‘the progressive process of human, cultural, political, economic and social change, which shapes people’s lives. The southern countries particularly the Caribbean have been classified as developing countries, which are still somewhat dependent on the metropolis which once colonized them. Sir Arthur Lewis in the immediate post- World War II period advocated industrialization of the British West Indies, he adopted a policy called ‘ Industrialisation by Invitation. ’ He felt that this was a step needed to be taken for the British West Indies to develop. Sir Arthur Lewis policy aided in the development of the B. W. I but the policy itself also hindered development as well as left out major aspects of development.The Industrial Revoluti on was one of those historical events which drastically changed societies all over the world. Despite the revolution having its roots in Europe , particularly Britain it then spread to places like the U. S. A and later the Caribbean. Industrialization became the mechanism used for a society to make the transition from a traditional, labour intensive economy based on agriculture (agrarian) to a more capital- intensive economy based on manufacturing by machines , specialized labour and Industrial factories.Sir Arthur Lewis recognized the importance of Industrialisation but realized that the British West Indies could not do it on their own, they would need financial aid, in the form of investments which could stimulate Industrialisation. After Lewis studied the system known as Operation Bootstrap (policy of deliberately inviting foreign direct investors) in Puerto Rico, he set out to adopt and implement similar in the British West Indies.The economies of the British Caribbean were main ly agricultural and there was a need to stimulate industrial growth and trade in manufactured goods, to diversify the economic base, since these economies were mainly monocrop economies. This term not only refers to the dependence on sugar and bananas, it also characterizes the dependence on tourism or the oil industry. Lewis therefore proposed the strategy to invite foreign investment as a way to stimulate growth, not only in industry but also agriculture, and therefore to reduce the dependency on the export sector.He reasoned that the British West Indies had a great abundance of unskilled labour in agriculture and amongst the unemployed. These countries did not have much capital. Thus multinational corporations (MNCs) with millions of dollars at their disposal were to be invited to the British West Indies where they could earn huge profits by employing cheap surplus labour from agriculture. They would also benefit from tax holidays for the first five or ten years of their operatio ns, and other concessions such as subsidies.In other words incentives would be offered to encourage these corporations to invest . Caribbean governments popularly adopted this policy in the 1960s. Several foreign based companies that are established today in the Caribbean are the result of Sir Lewis’ policy. This is most apparent in the tourist industry many foreigners have invested in hotels which employ the majority of people. In Antigua for example, 50% of the population is employed in the tourism industry.In addition to this, infrastructure such as roads and transportation has been developed by governments to complement these businesses. Foreign investors have introduced the latest technologies and influenced the improvement of public services. On the contrary, the policy is very much economically based , its aim is for countries to achieve economic growth. However development also includes other aspects, there is no indication on how foreign investers may positively impa ct the quality of life , welfare or education.Therefore this policy cannot be seen as aiding development in the British West Indies as a whole , as the policy was based primarily on the stimulation of economic growth. In addition, most of the money earned by these investors have been repatriated to their home countries thus money is not invested in the economy, this is a grave issue with serious implications for the tourism industry. The policy eventually failed in the British West Indies, mainly because the Caribbean governments invited the MNCs but did not control them.When the initial period of the tax-free holidays were up they ‘closed up shop' and moved on. They were mainly capital-intensive industries, virtually no provisions were made for training citizens to organize and run similar plants, such as the assembly of motor vehicles and small appliances. Hence no sustainable development. Neo-marxists who came up with the dependency theory, also initially developed their th eory in Latin America. Andre Gunder Frank and Samir Amin were the two theorists associated with this school of thought .Both argued that the third world countries are classified as the Peripheries and the Western/ Industrialised capitalist countries are the core. The former being largely dependent on the latter. The development of the core countries caused the underdevelopment of the periphery since economic surplus was transferred from the latter to the former for expansion purposes. These sociologists recommended that the peripheries need to break the link between them and the core in order to be self- sufficient and independent.Therefore the MNCs can be seen as detrimental according to this perspective dependence is an undesired state and situation . It only causes, injustice, unfairness and exploitation. Following from the dependency theory, we can assert that foreign companies therefore would not be aiding development but hindering it for their metropolis benefit. They would en courage the mindset of preference for foreign goods thus maintaining dependence.It can be seen that the Industrialisation by Invitiation policy is indeed a controversial one when considering whether it has aided development in the Caribbean. There is no doubt that MNCs are an important means to economic development. However in order for a country to develop, the country must have control of its own businesses and resources, move away from traditional economic models that make them dependent on foreigners and also perpetuate the legacy of colonialism in how the Caribbean economy is structured.Grade Profile Knowledge & Understanding – 7/10 Interpretation & Analysis – 7 /10 Synthesis & Evaluation – 7/10 The student demonstrates a very good understanding of the subject matter under examination. Interpreted and evaluated the question well. Student should have named some Companies or a company that emerged as a result of IbyI in their territory and explain the advanta ges and disadvantges of the policy using the ‘live' example as the base. Altogether however this was a good

Communicable Disease

Communicable Disease HCS 457 September 24, 2012 Heather Steiner Communicable Disease Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that affects a person’s lungs. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium. Untreated TB can be fatal, in the past TB was the leading cause of death in the United States. There are two TB related conditions that exit: latent TB infection and Active TB infection. TB can be transmitted to others when an infected person coughs or sneezes. According to the â€Å"Center for Disease Control† (2010), â€Å"TB disease is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal† (CDC, 2010, para. 3). Much like the common cold, TB is spread by an infected person breathing, coughing, speaking, or sneezing into the air; however, not everyone who acquires TB has symptoms. Latent TB infection occurs when one breathes in the bacteria can fight off the infection. Persons with latent TB have no symptoms and are not contagious unless the bacterium becomes active in one’s body.Once the illness is active it becomes active TB, and the person will become sick. People who have weakened immune systems because of other illness are more susceptible to contracting active TB. According to the â€Å"CDC† (2010), â€Å"The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood. Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected† (CDC, 2010, para. ). According to U. S. National Library of Medicine (2011), † The following factors may increase the rate of TB infection in a population: Increase in HIV infections, Increase in number of homeless people (poor environment and nutrition). In the United States, there are approximately 10 cases of TB per 100,000 people. However, rates vary dramatically by area of residence and socioeconomic status. † (2011). A gap in care concerning TB patients is directly related to cultural beliefs and perceptions concerning disease.Cultural beliefs have a significant effect on the spread of disease and treatment options. For example, the Hmong in the United States represent a Southeast Asian minority group who immigrated to the United States. Many of the Hmong have settled in the Minneapolis metro area. The Hmong people experience an especially high rate of Tuberculosis (TB). Cultural influences play a significant part in diagnosing and controlling the spread of TB among the Hmong population. The language barrier is just one issue that health care workers have trouble with.According to â€Å"Culture Care Connection† (2010), â€Å"One persistent programmatic implication is that because the Hmong language lacks words for many biomedical or physiological concepts, communication requires proxy words to convey these ideas. New Hmong words may even need to be created in order to convey Western terms or concepts† (Culture Care, 2010 para. 6). To close the gap the Minnesota Department of Health needs to educate minority groups and health care providers about how to effectively communicate with one another.The study conducted by the CDC determined that although the Hmong were familiar with some TB symptoms the lack of education concerning the disease is a major roadblock to treatment. The study found that many Hmong believed that TB could not be transmitted through the air and that it could only be contracted by associating with â€Å"unclean† people. According to the â€Å"CDC† (2010), â€Å"Common misconceptions included that TB was transmitted by sharing eating utensils, through body fluids, or by kissing. Some participants believed TB was caused by unhygienic conditions† (CDC, 2010, para. 7).Many respondents said that TB is a source of shame in the community and that shame would prevent many from seeking out treatment. The Minnesota Department of Health has initiated a TB prevention and control program collaborates with local public health departments statewide. The program collects and analyzes surveillance data to monitor epidemiologic trends and provides consultation to clinicians and local public health departments to assure appropriate clinical management and adequate therapy for TB patients and persons exposed to TB disease† (2012). In conclusion, Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium.Untreated TB can be fatal. People who have weakened immune systems because of other illness are more susceptible to contracting active TB. A gap in care concerning TB patients is directly related to cultural beliefs and perceptions concerning disease. Cultural beliefs have a signific ant effect on the spread of disease and treatment options. To close the gap the Minnesota Department of Health needs to educate minority groups and health care providers about how to effectively communicate with one another. References CDC (2010). Common Perceptions, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Tuberculosis among the Lao Hmong. ttp://www. cdc. gov/tb/publications/guidestoolkits/EthnographicGuides/Hmong Culture Care Connection. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. culturecareconnection. org/matters/diversity/hmong. html McArdle, M. (2011, October). Resistance Is Futile.. The Atlantic, (), . doi:galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ Minnesota Department of Health. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. health. state. mn. us/divs/idepc/diseases/tb/program. html U. S. National Library of Medicine . (2011). Pulmonary tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/

About Peter S. Essay

Father-relationship Describe his father He is different to his father Contentment a sense of belonging home a place of happiness Peter feels he is disconnecting to his heritage His garden was his pride and garden†¦ father has strong sense of belonging to his garden and home Hyperbole From the soil he turned and the tobacco he rolled†¦ juxtapositions of hard work and pleasure†¦father loves smoking, as it is part of tradition and culture Stanza 3 he’s describing gestures that are associated with polish culture. Australians are more casual and â€Å"he didn’t get used to it† He’s describing life in Poland Blue eyes represent purity Stanza 4 – optimistic, Positive, father always focus on positive Stanza 5 – picked up polish while he was a child †¦ negative†¦clash of cultures Stanza 6 – after negative tone this stanza comes more positive Imagery – As he was struggling with complex English he forgot his connection to the polish language..becoming australianised .. and he repeated it so I never forgot† sense if guilt Using one of the scenes listed and your knowledge of the film as a whole Techniques, structures effect//what do we learn about from Explain how relationships lead to a deeper understanding of the world in Peter Weir’s film Witness *Raising the barn *The chicken pen scene *The police invade the Amish community *The attack in the town Introduction: Through close analysis of Peter Weir’s film â€Å"Witness† a deeper understanding of the world can be achieved through the relationships between characters. In the film â€Å"Witness† Peter Weir uses effective language and film techniques to offer a deeper understanding of the world. This is made evident through the close analysis of the relationships within the film. Body Paragraph: Topic sentence: (identify a key relationship in the film) Evidence in film/elaboration: (refer to a key scene where this relationship is presented) Examples including techniques: (identify film/language techniques within the scene) Explain what we learn from the above example/ the effect: (what do we learn about the relationship in the examples) Think findings back to the Q using key words (what do you learn from the relationships about the world)

Personal Statement for University of South Alabama

For University of South Alabama - Personal Statement Example The pursuit of this program is also meant to help me develop better management competencies. One of my objectives that will help me develop better management competencies is to utilize the resource that this program will give me in getting a good grip of how to disseminate nursing practice both in writing and orally. My long-term goal is to join the nursing faculty in order to help impart nursing students with specialized knowledge preparing them for quality nursing practice. This is with the recognition that the student enrollment into nursing schools is growing with time whereas the nursing faculty workforce has remained the same. Teaching nursing will enable me to engage nursing knowledge at a higher level, imparting students with skills that will enable them to manage knowledge in this diverse science. Another thing that motivates me endeavor to join the nursing faculty is the increasing complexity of the healthcare system because this is creating a need for nursing students to get specialized knowledge to methodically navigate the system and still maintain high levels of nursing care to patients. This program offers a specialty in clinical nurse specialist in adult health and as such, it is best suited to help me realize my educational goal of gaining better knowledge in adult care. The program will impart me with competence in designing, implementing, managing and evaluating projects aimed at giving better care to adult patients guided by evidence-based practice. Some adult care initiatives needed inter-professional teams and the curriculum of this program is designed in such a way that will give me knowledge on how to lead and manage such teams. While on my clinical rotations, I realized that information technology has become crucial to clinical decision-making that helps improve the quality of patient satisfaction and this is the knowledge with which this program

Prime-Time Television Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prime-Time Television Program - Essay Example This paper discusses how Coca-Cola Company has incorporated social media to ensure that it’s commercial reach large number of customers globally. The key Coca-Cola commercial that I liked is the Mirage--Super Bowl ads 2013. This commercial portrays three groups of people racing for a bottle of Coke in a dry land (Super Bowl 2013 ads 2013). It is interesting to note how the three groups of people look thirsty in a place that has no water and the only solution to their thirsty is a cold bottle of Coke. As the individuals continue to run Coke on its side increases it speed. Consequently, the individuals increase their speed up to the point they catch up with the bottle of coke. This is followed by sharing the drink that they take in an enjoyable way thus creating a strong friendship among themselves. In my opinion, the commercial has played a major role in ensuring that the company reaches its target market. For example, the racing individuals are of different ages thus indicating that the company targets all the consumers regardless of their ages. Similarly, young people who are key consumers of Coca-Cola products can freely interact with the characters that are featured in the commercial through social media. David 25 argues that in this way the company has ensured strong positive relationship between its products and the consumers. Having been held in a desert, the commercial indicates that the company is not only targeting cold places but also it has adopted various strategies to ensure that the needs of consumers residing in dry countries are catered for. As the demand of Coca-Cola products increases, the company has embarked on improving its production by the use of modern technology. The speed with which the Coke bottle was emulating depicts the haste at which Coca-Cola C ompany is putting in place modern technology as a way of ensuring that the needs of its market are effectively met. Social media is a major advertising

Essay 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

1 - Essay Example Carnegie faults poor wealth administration for this unequal wealth distribution and therefore seeks to provide a solution without losing the benefits of civilization. Civilization has eroded communism but propagated individualism. Carnegie chooses to view this as not being wholly negative but as â€Å"essential for the progress of the race† (1). The author argues that those with experience in various affairs should create capital and generate income; those with ability should accumulate wealth and energy. Failure to support this individualism would be tantamount to â€Å"attacking the foundation upon which civilization itself rests† (Carnegie 3). Furthermore, having tried out communism and settling on individualism, it would be in order to carry on with the latter. Nonetheless, the author faults individualism for giving wealth to the few. Therefore, the article seeks to provide an appropriate approach to wealth administration. To achieve its objective, therefore, this article evaluates three common modes of disposal of surplus wealth. Leaving such surplus wealth to families of the dead, mostly first sons, would have the wealth distributed to many generations to come. However, depreciation in the value of land and follies of heirs have thwarted this approach. Moreover, surplus wealth has proved to be more harmful than good to heirs. This is, therefore, an improper way of wealth administration. The other option would be to bequeath wealth for public purposes. Such wealth only â€Å"becomes of much good in the world† upon the death of the subject (Carnegie 5). However, it is common not to honor the wishes of the dead and such wealth would be spent in unintended manner. Furthermore, supporters of this proposal could go with their wealth after they die could this be possible, only that upon death, one cannot help but leave such wealth to the community. Such persons do not, therefore, deserve praise for doing the inevitable. Hence, the author supports taxation on

German Foreign Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

German Foreign Policy - Research Paper Example World development agenda depend on foreign policies adopted by member countries. It is important to note that foreign policies usually influence the economic prowess of a country. Bilateral trade usually depends on foreign policies adopted by the country. Some countries are not able to buy products from Germany due to the poor relationship between these countries. Some policies adopted by the United Nations influence the relationship between Germany and partner countries. Policies that influence trade and politics in various countries are very crucial because many countries depend on each other for economic development. Some foreign policies influence German contribution to the development of the developing countries (Robinson 14). The purpose of this paper is to describe, explain, and perhaps predict the foreign policy of Germany. The relationship between Germany and members of European Union hang on sound foreign policies adopted by Germany. European Union policies influence commer cial relationship among various member countries. Research indicates the one of notable steps made by the European Union is the development of a single currency that would be acceptable across Europe. This move intended to lift barriers to trade among the member countries. German traditional practices are contrary to the new move it has taken in handling foreign issues. Research reveals that Germany has adopted new foreign policies, which intend to enhance its relationship with other members of European Union. German foreign policy on international responsibility is very crucial for the economy of the country. Economist argue that Foreign policies of various countries including Germany are important than Domestic policies. Globalization is the major factor behind the revelation of various foreign policies that affect Germany. The international responsibility policy defines the role of German in promoting peace, security, trade, and politics in the world (Germany's foreign policy 1). Germany respects human rights, democracy, and approaches that promote dialogue among cultures. For instance, participation of German soldiers in world peace keeping is a show of international responsibility that Germany has. World peace is very crucial because peace influence trade, human rights, politics, and social lifestyle among others. The need to promote peace is one of the pillars United Nation. German influences many decisions that United Nations makes because it is a member of the Security Council. Studies indicate that globalization has influenced the stand that Germany takes when voting in the Security Council. The German vote influences the move that members of the council would take when handling issues of international concern. The effects of international responsibility policies include the move made by the Germany to send his soldier to fight against terrorism (Germany's foreign policy 4). The fight against terrorism calls for a collective approach that countries ta ke towards stumping the vice. Research indicates that the war does not belong to one country or the members of the Security Council, but to the world. This would call for a collective participation of various countries. The relationship between Germany and many countries depend on the international responsibility policy. Foreign department of various countries evaluate the role that bilateral relationship would play. The relational should benefit the countries

Prophylatic Mechanical Therapy in the Prevention of Neuropathic Dissertation

Prophylatic Mechanical Therapy in the Prevention of Neuropathic Ulcerations - Dissertation Example An affective prophylactic measure therefore, assumes high priority in dealing with neuropathy and ulceration. Mechanical prophylactic methods namely special shoes, insoles, orthotic devices, gait patterns, canes and clutches aim to redistribute plantar pressure and have been used traditionally. However, the evidences supporting the affectivity of these methods are still rare. This literature review aims to make a critical analysis of the reported affectivity of mechanical prophylactic methods in preventing first incidence of ulceration in an individual with peripheral sensory neuropathy. A thorough study of the literature available for the mechanical prophylactic devices was made using peer reviewed articles from academic journals and each of these was evaluated for its relevance to the specific condition being studied. It was found that of the wide variety of methods used, some have been reported to be highly affective, but for many others systematic studies are lacking. Further res earch is recommended for evaluating each of these mechanical prophylactic methods. {Key Words: Diabetic Ulcer, Neuropathy, Plantar Pressure, forefoot, Hindfoot, Offloading, orthotic devices, shoes, insoles, casts} Can the use of prophylactic mechanical therapy be beneficial in the prevention of neuropathic ulcerations I. INTRODUCTION: Neuropathy, the general term for peripheral sensory neuropathy, is a disease involving functional impairment of the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system comprises of nerve roots, plexus, and autonomic, sensory & motors nerves connecting the various organs of the body to the central nervous system, i.e. the brain and spinal cord. A damage or dysfunction to one or more... The immediate cause of neuropathic root ulcerations being elevated plantar pressure, prophylactic measures aim to reduce the plantar pressure. Mechanical methods are one of the most important among the several methods that have been recommended for prevention of the disease. These methods involve the use of various devices and means that ultimately aim to facilitate plantar pressure offloading of the vulnerable foot primarily by redistributing the foot load. Reports are available from many randomized control trials (RCTs) and prospective studies which provide the proof of various pressure reducing devices being effective in preventing foot ulcerations. The major mechanical prophylactic methods reported for neuropathic foot ulcerations include use of padded hosiery, special shoes, Orthoses or special insoles and casts. Other than this gait alterations and bed rest are also recommended for off loading and thereby reducing pressure. Types of Mechanical Prophylactic Methods and their evi dence of their efficacy in preventing neuropathic ulcerationsA.  Hosiery: Padded hosiery (figure 4) is recommended for diabetic patients at risk of neuropathic ulcerations. An early study describing the experimental use of padded hosiery was reported in 1989 (Veves et al., 653). The padded socks designed by an American hosiery manufacturer Thor-Lo, were made of acrylic (85%) and nylon (15%). Their claim that the socks reduce pressure on athlete’s feet was evaluated by Veves and colleagues.(Veves et al., 653).

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The audience, who happen to be the citizens of United States and Ohioans to be precise, and the topic, came in time when the United States was in a verge of collapsing economically and addressing economic issues and combining them with the political good will was objective. The use of pathos, logos and ethos by the Ohio governor, Mr. John Kasich, combined with imagery and rhetoric questions was not only objective but convincing in delivery of his speech on opportunities and the appropriate approach to end the Ohioans’ misery of poverty and joblessness. The use of imagery to describe the wellbeing of Ohioans in the wake of a new political era drove the point home of what Ohioans wanted for a long time. For instance the use of â€Å"digging into a bowl of chicken soup at a Bob Evan’s restaurant† signifies the economic wellbeing of the consumer, who in this case is the Ohioan, which is a revelation of good leadership focusing on the common citizen. This is because n ot all of Ohio residents would afford chicken and/or an expensive meal in one of the remarkable restaurants and creating job opportunities would somehow guarantee such a meal even if it means thrice a week. The use of figurative language in the description of importance of helping the poor, Mr. John Kasich drives his point home and the authoritative aspect of his speech is broadly brought out. For instance, when he stresses out the need for uplifting the needy by asking, â€Å"when you die and go to heaven, St. Peter is not probably going to ask you much about what you did to keep the government small, but what you did for the poor†, he broadly brings out the political will he has for the people of Ohio and the outcome of his actions which will be graded by satisfaction of the people. As an experienced politician and longtime serving public servant, Mr. Kasich uses ethos to lure Ohio residents into re-electing him again in the polls. For instance, his experience on matters of finance and taxation enabled him sign the biggest tax cut in the country after converting a $7.7 billion budget deficit into a $2.5 billion surplus. The authoritative aspect is brought out by his connective aspect of politics and religion in a bid to drive his mission of â€Å"More Aid for Poor† forward and still maintaining the cliche of the people and political future. For instance, by arguing that he was raised as a catholic but drifted in faith at adulthood converting to evangelical protestant for the last 25 years and claiming that â€Å"to a larger mission one of his Christian faith has called him to shoulder; helping the poor, the beleaguered and the downtrodden, and trying to heal them and lift them up, shows the connective aspect of politics and religion in a bid to solve the long-term historical miseries. The timing of the speech rhymed well with the economic hardship moment in the United States economy in that during the time there were struggles by the national government to increase national tax to finance its spending. The use of a practical approach, guided by his exemplary experience in the management field, gave him a hand of driving his agenda home and convincing the residents. His agenda

Qualtity Health Care Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Qualtity Health Care Administration - Essay Example stent with the principles of the 21st Century health system throughout the continuum of the undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education for medical, nursing, and other professional training programs† (McLaughlin & Kaluzny, 2005). Also, the implications of the changes should be reviewed for â€Å"provider credentialing programs, funding, and sponsorship of education programs for health professionals† (Institute of Medicine, 2001). The strategies in current health education reform came up when attention was brought into the fact that health professions education was ill-equipped in the academic and continuing education settings to handle the incoming changes in the patient population. These are changes in diversity, age, increase in chronic illnesses, and improved access to health information (McLaughlin & Kaluzny, 2005). Another problem that was also seen was the fact that, although various health professionals are expected to work as a team, many of them are have not been trained to work as a team. They often have trouble communicating and coordinating with other members of the health care team, and this causes certain problems in the delivery of quality health care services. It was also brought into the attention of the Institute of Medicine that the evidence base for health care practice was increasing; however, there also appeared inconsistencies in evaluating evidence and consequently applying it to the health care practice. Another problem uncovered was also the fact that there was an inconsistency in what is actually known about the â€Å"quality and safety of care and the coursework that is available to health professional students about how to assess quality and safety-of-care information and test solutions† (McLaughlin & Kaluzny, 2005). Finally, inadequate training in informatics was also established through the IOM report. The above problems unearthed by the Institute of Medicine represented problems in health professions education that

Economic systems envisioned by Adam Smith in An Inquiry into the Essay

Economic systems envisioned by Adam Smith in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations and Karl Marx in The Communist Manifesto - Essay Example The food in the farms is produced for the global village and manufacturers produce for the entire globe. The consumers of the products remain to be the entire world. Adam Smith however, unlike Carl Marx, believes the wealth of the nations’ originates from the ability of laborers to work, this being skill and also the proportion of the employed to the unemployed. He says, this is what differentiates the wealthy nation and the poor nation. In that, a wealthy nation has less people working but everyone due to the sill of the laborers has abundant and is satisfied. However, in poor nations, the labor is more but unskilled such that, the little that is produced is not enough for the nation (Smith, 1776). Unlike Carl Marx, this perspective draws to attention the skills of labor and the units thereof that are accommodated by the capital. Another perspective in the causes of the wealth of nations is division of labor. Both Carl Marx and Adam Smith agree that it has led to growth of wealth. However, according to Carl Marx, it has continued to grow the rift between owners of factors of production and its laborers. Division of labor according to Adam Smith has contributed greatly in enhancing wealth. This is because, first, it has led to specialization. There are different branches of trade more so in the manufacturing industry. The different branches have given rise to expertise per work space (Smith, 1776). This has led to labor’s ability to do more than when they aren’t specialized. Another aspect is that of time. Time is greatly saved in production when division of labor is involved. According to Smith, it becomes easier for a worker to perform his work with specialty without wasting time changing and adopting to new skill. Another important cause of wealth through labor division has been the technological inventions (Smith, 1776). It is rather true that when one has one focus on work, they are able to come up with easier