John Coltrane Essays (1765 words) - John Coltrane, Miles Davis

John Coltrane A Brief Look Into The Life and Music of JOHN COLTRANE Pg. 1 John Coltrane was born in born in Hamlet, North Carolina on September 23, 1926. John Coltrane was an only child. His father, John was a tailor who played the violin and ukulele, and his mother Alice played piano and sang in the church choir. This was a great environment to foster his love of music. Coltrane soon moved with his family to the town of High Point, where his grandfather was the pastor of the A.M.E. Zion Church. His family was very religious and this instilled in him a deep devotion in religion. At the age of twelve Coltrane's received his first instrument a clarinet which he played for hours on end, that same year Coltrane?s father died. A year after Coltrane?s father died his mother decided to move away to North to Atlantic City to find a work. Young Coltrane stayed in North Carolina with relatives. By his senior year, he had learned to play a borrowed alto saxophone and was getting recognition from his classmates and even the locals. Work was hard to find in most of the Southern states in 1943, so when John Coltrane graduated he and two friends decided to move to Philadelphia, where one of the friends' brothers already lived. Coltrane would live in Philadelphia off and on until about 1957. His decision to migrate north was a common one, and Coltrane did indeed find work as a laborer in a sugar-refining factory. A couple of months later he enrolled in the Ornstein School of Music on 19th and Spruce Streets. In Philadelphia John Pg. 2 Coltrane could hear a lot of the blues and jazz which weren't often broadcast in the South further extending his experience and horizons. He continued to practice his sax alone in his room until he was drafted into the Navy band in 1945. He returned to Philadelphia in 1946 after being discharged. At this point in his life Coltrane was totally committed to becoming a professional musician. Coltrane worked a variety of jobs through the late forties until in 1947 he joined Eddie Vinson's jazz band, switching reluctantly to play the tenor sax to do so. The group toured extensively, particularly in the South and southwest. It?s at this point that he started to drink excessively to top off his already heavy smoking habit. A short while after that he joined many other jazz musicians with his new addiction to heroin. After playing for two years with Dizzy Gillespie, he moved with his mother, cousin, and some friends to Strawberry Mansions which was on Philadelphia's northwest side which overlooked Fairmont Park. It?s at this time he enrolled at Granoff School of Music for further training on the tenor sax. He was dropped from Johnny Hodges' band when heroin began interfering with his music. Nineteen fifty five proved to be a big year for Coltrane. He picked up his nickname, Trane, and married his wife Naima. It?s in 1955 that things really took off for Coltrane. He joined Miles Davis' first legendary quintet, which included Red Garland, Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones. He came to national prominence as a member. Pg. 3 Coltrane moved to New York in 1956. New York was the home of not only many jazz musicians including Miles Davis, but also record companies and recording studios. But disaster struck, Coltrane was kicked out by Miles because of heroin addiction. Coltrane was crushed and returned to Philadelphia once more in the spring of 1957 to kick his heroin habit and his alcoholism. With the support of his wife and his mother, he spent an entire week in solitude, eating nothing and drinking only water. He later described being ?touched? by God during the time, and dedicated his next recording, ?A Love Supreme?, to his Lord. My goal, Coltrane said as if (arising from the ashes) like a phoenix to preach his ?revelation?, is to live the truly religious life, and express it through my music. If you live it, when you play there's no problem because the music is part of the whole thing. To be a musician is really something. It goes very very deep. My music is the

Biography of Louis XV, Beloved King of France

Biography of Louis XV, Beloved King of France King Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774) was the second-to-last king of France prior to the French Revolution. Although he was known as â€Å"Louis the Beloved,† his fiscal irresponsibility and political maneuvers set the stage for the French Revolution and, ultimately, the fall of the French monarchy. Fast Facts: Louis XV Full Name:  Louis of the house of BourbonOccupation: King of FranceBorn: February 15, 1710 in the Palace of Versailles, FranceDied: May 10, 1774 in the Palace of Versailles, FranceSpouse: Marie LeszczyÅ„skaChildren: Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma; Princess Henriette; Princess Marie Louise; Louis, Dauphin of France; Philippe, Duke of Anjou; Princess Marie Adà ©laà ¯de; Princess Victoire; Princess Sophie; Princess Thà ©rà ¨se; Louise, Abbess of Saint DenisKey Accomplishments: Louis XV led France through a period of immense change, winning (and losing) territories and ruling over the second-longest reign in French history. His political choices, however, laid the foundation of dissent that would eventually lead to the French Revolution. Becoming the Dauphin Louis was the second surviving son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife, Princess Marie Adelaide of Savoy. The Duke of Burgundy was the eldest son of the Dauphin, Louis, who was in turn the eldest son of King Louis XIV, the â€Å"Sun King.† The Duke of Burgundy was known as â€Å"Le Petit Dauphin† and his father as â€Å"le Grand Dauphin.† From 1711 to 1712, a series of illnesses struck the royal family, causing chaos in the line of succession. On April 14, 1711, the â€Å"Grand Dauphin† died of smallpox, which meant that Louis’ father, the Duke of Burgundy, became first in line for the throne. Then, in February 1712, both of Louis’ parents fell ill with measles. Marie Adelaide died on February 12, and the Duke of Burgundy died less than a week later on February 18. This left Louis’ brother, the Duke of Brittany (also, confusingly, named Louis) as the new Dauphin and heir at the age of five. However, in March 1712, both brothers contracted measles as well. A day or two into their illness, the Duke of Brittany died. Their governess, Madame de Ventadour, refused to let doctors continue bleeding Louis, which likely saved his life. He recovered and became the heir to his great-grandfather, Louis XIV. In 1715, Louis XIV died, and five-year-old Louis became King Louis XV. The laws of the land required there to be a regency for the next eight years, until Louis turned thirteen. Officially, the role of Regent went to Phillippe II, Duke of Orleans, the son of Louis XIV’s brother Phillippe. However, Louis XIV had distrusted the Duke of Orleans and preferred that the Regency be held by his favorite illegitimate son, the Duke of Maine; to this end, he had rewritten his will to create a Regency council rather than a singular Regent. In order to circumvent this, Phillippe made a deal with the Parlement of Paris: annul Louis XIV’s changed will in exchange for the return of the droit de remontrance: the right to challenge the king’s decisions. This would prove fatal to the monarchy’s functioning and ultimately lead to the French Revolution. Regency and the Boy King During the Regency, Louis XV spent most of his time at the Tuileries Palace. At the age of seven, his time under Madame de Ventadour’s care ended and he was placed under the tutelage of Franà §ois, the Duke of Villeroy, who educated him and taught him royal etiquette and protocol. Louis developed what would be a lifelong love for hunting and horseback riding. He also came to have an interest in geography and science, which would influence his reign. In October 1722, Louis XV was formally crowned king, and in February 1723, the Regency was formally ended. The Duke of Orleans transitioned into the role of prime minister, but soon died. In his place, Louis XV appointed his cousin, the Duke of Bourbon. The duke turned his attention to brokering a royal marriage. After evaluating nearly a hundred candidates, the somewhat surprisingly choice was Marie LeszczyÅ„ska, a princess from the deposed Polish royal family who was seven years Louis’ senior, and they married in 1725, when he was 15 and she was 22. Their first child was born in 1727, and they had a total of ten children- eight daughters and two sons- over the next decade. Although the king and queen loved one another, the successive pregnancies took a toll on their marriage, and the king began taking mistresses. The most famous of those was Madame de Pompadour, who was his mistress from 1745 to 1750 but remained a close friend and advisor, as well as a major cultural influence. Religious dissent was the first and most enduring problem of Louis’ reign. In 1726, a delayed request from Louis XIV to the pope was fulfilled, and a papal bull was issued condemning Jansenism, a popular subset of Catholic doctrine. Ultimately, the bull was enforced by Cardinal de Fleury (who persuaded Louis to back it), and heavy penalties were levied on religious dissenters. De Fleury and the Duke of Bourbon clashed over the king’s favor, and de Fleury ultimately was the victor. Rule of Fleury From this point until his death in 1743, Cardinal de Fleury was the de facto ruler of France, manipulating and flattering the king into allowing him to make all the decisions. Although the cardinal’s rule produced an appearance of harmony, his strategies for keeping power actually resulted in a growing amount of opposition. He banned debate in Parlement and weakened the navy, both of which came back to haunt the monarchy in huge ways. France was involved in two wars in relatively quick succession. In 1732, the War of Polish Succession began, with France supporting the Queen of France’s father Stanislaw and an Eastern European bloc secretly agreeing to bypass him. Ultimately, Fleury spearheaded a diplomatic solution. Following this, and its role in negotiating the Treaty of Belgrade between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire, France was hailed as a major diplomatic power and came to control trade in the Middle East. The War of Austrian Succession began in late 1740. Louis XV initially refused involvement, but under Fleury’s influence, France allied with Prussia against Austria. By 1744, France was struggling, and Louis XV went to the Netherlands to lead his army himself. In 1746, the French occupied Brussels. The war didn’t end, though, until 1749, and many French citizens were unhappy with the terms of the treaty. Louis’ Later Reign and Legacy With Fleury dead, Louis decided to rule without a prime minister. His first act was to try to reduce the national debt and improve the tax system, but his plans met with fierce opposition from the nobility and the clergy because it taxed them, rather than just â€Å"ordinary† citizens. He also attempted to purge Jansenists from a semi-religious organization of hospitals and shelters. War followed again, first in the New World in the French and Indian War, then against Prussia and Britain directly in the Seven Years’ War. The end result was the end of French rule in Canada and the West Indies. Louis’ government continued to falter; the Parlements rebelled against the king’s taxation authority, which would begin the pre-Revolution dissent. By 1765, Louis had suffered major losses. Madame de Pompadour died in 1764, and his son and heir Louis died of tuberculosis in 1765. Fortunately, the Dauphin had a son who became Dauphin in turn, the future Louis XVI. Tragedy continued: the late Dauphin’s wife died, followed in 1768 by the Queen. By 1769, Louis XV had a new mistress: Madame du Barry, who gained a reputation for crassness and impertinence. In 1770, Louis’ ministers began fighting back against the rebellious Parlements, consolidating royal power, imposing controls on the price of grain, and attempting to rid the tax system of corruption. The same year, Marie Antoinette came to court as the wife of the future Louis XVI. Even in his final years, Louis XV pursued new construction projects. In 1774, Louis fell ill with smallpox. He died on May 10 and was succeeded by his grandson Louis XVI. Although Louis XV was popular during his lifetime, historians point to his hands-off approach, his conflicts with Parlements, his expensive wars and courts, and his suppressive activities as laying the foundation for the French Revolution. The French Enlightenment took place during his reign, with the participation of brilliant minds such as Voltaire and Rousseau, but he also censored many of their works. A handful of historians defend Louis and suggest his negative reputation was created to justify the French Revolution, but that view is in the minority. Ultimately, Louis XV is typically viewed as a poor monarch who gave over too much of his power and in so doing set in motion events that would eventually lead to the destruction of the monarchy and the upheaval of France. Sources Bernier, Olivier. Louis the Beloved: The Life of Louis XV, (1984).â€Å"Louis XV.† Biography, https://www.biography.com/royalty/louis-xv.â€Å"Louis XV: King of France.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XV.

How to Cite a Journal Article in MHRA Referencing

How to Cite a Journal Article in MHRA Referencing How to Cite a Journal Article in MHRA Referencing Since â€Å"MHRA† stands for Modern Humanities Research Association, it won’t surprise you to learn that MHRA referencing is used in the humanities. And if you’re studying a subject like English language or literature, knowing how to cite a journal article in MHRA referencing is wise. Luckily, that’s what we explain in this very blog post! How to Cite a Journal Article in MHRA When citing a journal article in an  essay, you should indicate footnotes with superscript numbers in the text. For instance: Footnote numbers usually go at the end of a sentence.1 In the accompanying footnote, the format to use for a journal article is: n. Author Name(s), â€Å"Article Title,† Journal, volume (year), page range (page number). â€Å"Page range† here refers to the complete page range for the article, while â€Å"page number† is the specific page cited. Only the latter is preceded by â€Å"p.† For example, we could cite a journal article as follows: 1. Joan M. Herbers, â€Å"Time Resources and Laziness in Animals,† Oecologia, 49 (1981), 252-62 (p. 260). If citing an online article that is only available electronically or differs from the print version, give a URL/DOI and date of access instead of a page range: 2. Laverne Jones, Stuart Cox, and Polly W. Brecon, â€Å"Sleepy Town: Why Are You Always Tired?,† Somnambulant Studies, 6 (2008), https://www.jstor.org/stable/3058956 [accessed 12 March 2017] (p. 129). However, if an online article is identical to the print version, you can simply cite it in the same way. No extra details are required. Repeat Citations If citing the same article more than once, give a shortened citation in subsequent footnotes. The format for this will depend on whether you are citing the same source consecutively: For consecutive citations, use â€Å"ibid.† plus a page number for the new citation (if different from the previous one). For non-consecutive citations, use the author’s surname and a page number for the new citation. If you have cited more than one source by the same author, include a shortened article title as well. In practice, then, we would format repeat citations in MHRA as follows: 1. Joan M. Herbers, â€Å"Time Resources and Laziness in Animals,† Oecologia, 49 (1981), 252-62 (p.260). 2. Ibid., p. 258. 3. Joan M. Herbers, â€Å"On Caste Ratios in Ant Colonies: Population Responses to Changing Environments,† Evolution, 34 (1980), 575-85 (pp. 576-7). 4. Herbers, â€Å"Time Resources and Laziness in Animals,† p. 262. Here, citations 1, 2 and 4 are all for the journal article â€Å"Time Resources and Laziness in Animals.† We use â€Å"ibid.† in footnote 2 because it is a consecutive citation of the same source. And we use the author’s surname plus title in footnote 4 because it is a non-consecutive repeat citation. Journal Articles in an MHRA Bibliography When listing sources in your bibliography, make sure to include full publication information. The format to use for a print journal article is: Surname, First Name, â€Å"Article Title,† Journal, volume (year), page range This is similar to the first footnote, but with the first listed author’s names reversed and no period. With online articles, the URL/DOI and a date of access are given instead of a page range: Surname, First Name, â€Å"Article Title,† Journal, volume (year), URL/DOI [date of access] In practice, this would look something like the following: Herbers, Joan M., â€Å"Time Resources and Laziness in Animals,† Oecologia, 49 (1981), 252-62 Jones, Laverne, Stuart Cox, and Polly W. Brecon, â€Å"Sleepy Town: Why Are You Always Tired?,† Somnambulant Studies, 6 (2008), https://www.jstor.org/stable/3058956 [accessed 12 March 2017] As with footnotes, though, if online articles are also available in print, you can usually cite them in the same way you would a print article (check your style guide if you’re unsure about this). And if you’d like anyone to check the referencing in your document, submit it for proofreading today.

How do Game Technologies affect the living world nowadays in different Essay

How do Game Technologies affect the living world nowadays in different category compared to the past and the near future - Essay Example Just like other computer technologies, this field also keeps on improving year after year in terms of speed, graphics, logical and skills requirements. Games have great effects on their users and these factors have been impacting the societies since their invention. Some of the effects of gaming technologies in the past, as well as predicted effects in the future will be discussed in the paper. The current trends and effects of the gaming technologies will also be discussed. 2. Gaming Technologies in the Past The gaming technology initiated in the 1970s and has seen remarkable response from the customers ever since. Kooijmans provided the information that Nintendo was one of the pioneers in the gaming industry; they were known to sell 3 games every second from the year 1983 to 1995. This figure meant that every teenager in the world possessed one of their games. The first generation of computers was based on geometrical shapes, slower motion of objects and limited quality of sound ef fects, for example PONG and Pacman. The technologies were limited in those days since gaming technologies have always made use of the prevailing technologies in the market. Only one or more objects screen could be controlled by the player. 2.1 Impact on Health Gaming technologies were considered to be a occasional source of entertainment, whereas other activities included outdoor activities and sports. Media and gadgets had not taken over the society; rather they were used as means to get work done. Gaming technologies had limited features, controls and possibilities that were soon conquered by the user. The limited nature of entertainment played a role in the technology staying as a source of entertainment, and not becoming a addiction. The situations and graphics were not very close to reality. The sound effects also did not participate in making the whole experience addictive. Due to the lack of addiction, individuals spent less number of hours in playing games, thus no health is sues became evident among the users in those times. 2.2 Impact on Social Skills Gaming technologies in the past were not available on a variety of gadgets which limited its usage and impact on the user’s lifestyle. The immobility of the gaming technologies helped the individual to maintain his personal relations and outdoor activities. People were still socially active and would participate productively in discussions. 2.3 Impact on Aggression Level The aggression level in gaming technologies was not a matter of concern till the 1980s and 1990s when Nintendo and Sony PlayStation launched new generations of games, respectively. Earlier, the games mainly involved the journey of a character to a certain place, coupled with minor barriers. The games were not known to have any element of aggression in them. On the contrary, Gardner used classic games, like Mario Bros, to help in the psychotherapy of children in activities like motor coordination, foresee and handle matters on the basis of past experiences etc. These games would not be chosen for clinical purposes if they had high levels of aggression in them. 2.4 Impact on Education There is no significant role of the gaming technologies in the field of education in the early years of the invention. 3. Impact of Gaming Technologies in the Current Times The advent of innovative technologies has improved games to a great extent as the game developers can incorporate greater

Description of his CLINICAL experience as a student in US from March Essay

Description of his CLINICAL experience as a student in US from March till Sept 1st - Essay Example Soon after I finish my rounds, the physician in charge would normally arrive and I would join them during their own rounds just so I could be on hand to explain any questions they may have had about my patient notes. Since these doctors normally had a significant number of patients admitted in the hospital, they did not have the time to spare when it came to admission of new patients in the emergency room under their care so I would often go to the emergency room in such cases in order to represent the doctor as part of his medical staff. My job during this part of the admissions process was to help diagnose what was ailing the patient and what possible stop gap measures can be applied until the doctor in charge can actually see the patient. My emergency room notes would then become part of the patients diagnosis chart that the doctor uses in considering the possible illnesses and treatment for the patient. Whenever called upon, I also took on the task of writing the discharge summar ies for patients who were getting their â€Å"clear to go home† certifications. Most of the work I did as described above was done under the excellent supervision of Dr. Varon from internal medicine. He willingly allowed me to see some of his patients in order to help hone my diagnosing skills. I wrote notes pertaining to his patients conditions that he would then interestingly discuss with me, allowing me a chance to suggest various treatments and looking into the results of the treatments as I applied them to the patient. He was very supportive and allowed me a tremendous amount of room to grow and learn as a physician. Aside from working extensively with Dr. Varon in his clinic, I also completed hours in the radiology department. Here I helped the technicians run their x-ray machines, analyzed the x-ray results alongside a licensed radiologist. I also participated in the performance of ultrasound, MRI, and CT scan examinations, helping the technicians to properly analyze

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Essay Example for Free

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Essay President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on July 2, 1964 in Washington D.C. It ended discrimination based on race, color, and religion. Since Reconstruction, it is often called the most important U.S. law on civil rights. This law allowed the federal government with the powers to enforce desegregation. Title VI of the act banned the use of federal funds for segregated programs and schools. In 1964 only Tennessee and Texas had more than two percent of their black students enrolled in integrated schools. About 6% of the black students in the South were in integrated schools by the next year because of Title VI. What was the cause of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? In June 1963, President John F. Kennedy proposed a bill several months prior to his death. President Johnson announced his intention to turn the proposal into law five days after Kennedy’s assassination. Title IV of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 forbidden discrimination in public schools because of race, color, religion, gender, or national origin. Public schools included elementary, secondary, and public colleges and universities. Before this law was signed, an African-American named James Meredith applied to the University of Mississippi in 1961. Officials at the school returned his application. He then took his case to the court. On September 10, 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court administrated that he had the right to attend the University of Mississippi. Ross Barnett, the governor of Mississippi, personally blocked Mr. Meredith from registering at the university even after the Supreme Court ruled. Conclusively, on September 30, 1962, federal officers and Civil Rights Division lawyers led Mr. Meredith onto the campus. There were one hundred twenty three assistant federal officers, three hundred sixteen U.S. Border Patrolmen, and ninety-seven federal prison guards on and near the campus to guard him. A crowd attacked the federal forces within an hour. They were fought with guns, bricks, bottles, and Molotov cocktails. President Kennedy sent sixteen thousand federal troops to the campus because of the nonstop violence. The outcome was there were two people dead, twenty-eight officers were shot, and  one hundred sixty people injured. As a result, James Meredith became he first black student to attend the University of Mississippi. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had many effects. The law outlawed ethnic discrimination in public and places of employment to African Americans. However, it did not end the Civil Rights Movement. Black Southerners were deprived of their constitutional rights because white Southerners still used legal ways to take away their rights. African Americans lived in the worst metropolitan neighborhoods and had to attend the worst city schools. Other than that, the rights included rights to vote, public accommodations, which included being able to go to restaurants, movie theaters, shopping in all stores, going inside a gas station, and attending sports events at sports arenas. The Civil Rights of 1964 was also the first law to guarantee the equal rights of women.

YouTube’s Effect on the Music Industry Essay -- digital media, innovati

Digital media has had a vast effect on American society, and it continues to revolutionize the way things work. One of the main outlets for innovation in digital media is the website, YouTube. It has paved a way for the sharing of videos to a multitude of audiences. More specifically, it has profoundly affected the way the music industry works, by providing independent artists a way to release and share their music to a mass audience without the help of a major record label. Often called â€Å"The YouTube Effect,† it has become a phenomenon in the music industry. Bindu Swetha (2013) noted, â€Å"YouTube was launched in 2005 by former PayPal owners Chad Hurley, Steven Chen and Jawed Karim. Prior to YouTube, there was no website that enabled users to share their favorite videos on a website† (para. 1). The fact that YouTube was the first website to allow people to post and share videos is one of the reasons YouTube has had so much success. YouTube users can upload content to the site and share it for millions to see. Christopher Cayari (2011) found that, â€Å"YouTube has become the third most visited website in the world – behind Google and Facebook† (YouTube Has Affected Music section, para. 2). In October 2008, YouTube attracted 100 million American viewers a day, estimated to be over two-thirds of the Internet users in the United States (comScore, 2008). Cayari (2011) said that YouTube is a technology that challenges the way we perceive music, musician and audience (YouTube Has Affected Music section, para. 3). When you take a look at the number of musicians who have gained recognition simply by using YouTube, you can see the truth in Cayari’s statement. A few of the artists who are well-known for making their start on YouTube include Ty... ... References Cayari, C. (2011). The YouTube Effect: How YouTube Has Provided New Ways to Consume, Create, and Share Music. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 12(6). Retrieved November 8, 2013, from http://www.ijea.org/v12n6/v12n6.pdf comScore, press release. (2008, December 9). YouTube attracts 100 million U.S. online video viewers in October 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2013 from http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2008/12/YouTube_Reaches_100_Million_US_Viewers Miller, D. (2011). Celebrating YouTube's Influence on Music. Music Business Journal, 02. Retrieved November 8, 2013, from www.thembj.org/2011/02/celebrating-you-tubes-influence-on-music/ Swetha, B. (2013, May 28). How YouTube Has Changed the Music Industry. Buzzle.com. Retrieved November 8, 2013, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-youtube-has-changed-the-music-industry.html

TTTC Essay

Vietnam in the form of stories that change the reader's outlook on a variety of topics. One Of O'Brien chapters, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† truly exemplifies his role as a storyteller in the unique way he retells each of his stories. O'Brien alters his style with each recount to emphasize the different ways a story can affect a reader. Through his specific style of storytelling, O'Brien is able to describe his different experiences of Vietnam while explaining his perspective of the human situation.O'Brien alternation between narrating a story and commenting on its exceptive effects explicitly expresses his role as a storyteller in this chapter. In doing this, he is also able to point out the influence it had on his view of human disposition and the true nature of war. He explains the traits of a true war story while giving examples of his own. His strategy of retelling a war story with multiple different approaches emphasizes the power of his storyteller position.He c laims that ‘A true war story is never to depict his recount of the incident in a specific way, thus characterizing one of his many experiences . Just like most soldiers after war find a way to cope with their sufferings, O Brine relays his own experiences by stating that â€Å"In any war story, but especially a true one, it's difficult to separate what happened from what seemed to happen†(63). This chapter is unique in the sense that it takes the minutiae of a certain war memory, twists it to invoke certain emotions, and stimulates a reaction in the reader.Throughout the chapter he illustrates how incredibly the meaning and the effect of a story can change with the smallest adjustment to details . The different ways that O'Brien tells a story help us realize the power of his practice. O'Brien analyses of true war stories, followed by his real life account strike the reader in the heart and change their view of the war as a whole. Brine's storytelling is a powerful mediu m through which he expresses his thoughts on the war.Aside from relaying the incidents during the war, O'Brien also aims to point out his observations Of human nature relating to war. Whether we realize it or not, war has a large influence in all of our lives – O'Brien aims to bring out hose realizations through his storytelling. During this chapter O'Brien repeatedly shares the many characteristics of a true war story. He describes many different traits such as: a true war story â€Å"never seems to or â€Å"a true war story cannot be believed â€Å"(64). Then O'Brien gives an example of how that certain trait rings true in a story of his own.The effect produced is eye opening and causes the reader to adapt the same mindset that O'Brien takes towards his revelations. With his continued explanations of why war stories are so complex, O'Brien moves into the realm of legacies. His vivid description of Curt Lemon's Death is a poignant reminder of the gruesome and tragic, yet sudden end to a great man's life. Even though Lemon perished in the snap of a finger, O'Brien urges us to realize that his creative style of storytelling keeps Curt Lemon alive.Just like Ted Lavender and Kiowa, Curt Lemon left behind a legacy that lived among the memories of the soldiers. This is how O'Brien is able to keep him alive along with all of the others who he does not want to let go of. This novel can be viewed as simply a novel that describes a war experience room the point of a soldier; however, the way it's portrayed makes it much more. Not only does O'Brien express what it was like to be in the Vietnam war, but also he gives us a deep analysis of our race in relation to common struggles among us.Often when a soldier has a hard time coping with their return, it is because he or she does not feel like they belong. It's as if no one believes what they say is true because of how terrible it sounds. O'Brien explains that if â€Å"somebody tells a story, let's say, and afte rward you ask, ‘Is is true? ‘ [then] if the answer matters, you've got your There are any people who are ignorant to the lengths that soldiers go to for protecting this country, and when those people fail to appreciate those actions, it is heartbreaking.When O'Brien says that â€Å"if the answer matters, you've got your answer he is emphasizing the point that all war stories can be true even if they never actually happened. The experience Of war as a whole is so unbelievable that any story is true in some sense if it helps the reader understand what the narrator went through. His depiction of war is gruesome to say the least, but it explains to us how war impacts a man. He also expresses the importance off legacy like those of Curt lemon's, Kiosk's, and Ted Lavender's.O'Brien has the potential to be scarred for life from these death incidents; however, he uses the power of his stories as a coping mechanism, and in turn is able to keep the souls of his comrades alive. He does this with Timmy preserve his innocence, and in the same way, he does this to his friends to aid the hurt the war has caused him. All in all, O'Brien strategy of storytelling achieves the multiple goals intended: to portray his tragic war experiences, to explain the human notation in relation to the war, and to portray the strength of a legacy preserved in a Story.

Post Positivist Approach

Post positivist approach is a metatheoretical stance philosophically rooted in positivism. Whereas positivists believe in the existing reality apart from our own perception of it and the importance of empirical observation as well as rock-solid general laws, post positivists share some similarities with a softer, amended approach. Realist and the social constructionist are both taken as ontology by post positivist researchers in communication discipline.That is, it can be true that post positivist researchers believe that there is an empirical, unchallengeable reality independent of our perceptions, but limitations like the complexity of the reality and the biases of researchers still exist which causes our incomplete understanding of the reality. Even though, by applying the mutiple measures and observation, post positivist believe researchers can enhance the objectivity and attain a more and more fully apprehended reality.At the same time, post positivists also have faith in multip le realities which can be constructed by social collectives through communicative interaction in relatively patterned ways and its effects should be regular and predictable which in turn reified social constructions. Thus, post positivists study regularities and patterns. Post positivist researchers in communication base their assumptions largely on the so-termed modified objectivist which holds to the notion that causal relationships for regularities observed in the social world is the center of the search for knowledge. Textbook, chpt3) Nevertheless, post positivists largely reject the value-free inquiry and the absolute authority of scientific method. Instead, post positivists believe that with careful and systematic operations as well as awareness of values, scholars can strive to be as unbiased as possible â€Å"by using controls and statistical tests, insisting on replication, and so forth. † (Textbook, chpt3) Therefore, post positivism does not equal to qualitative app roach as many may assume. In fact, post positivists apply quantitative research methods largely to safeguard objectivity and to advance knowledge.Post positivist researchers consist that theories should try to reach beyond the observation level of individual events to attain the abstract quality with clear logical links to the empirical world. By operationally defining theoretical constructs, researchers can test the theoretical concepts with substitution of empirical indicators to verify or falsify the theory. Moreover, post positivists hold to the three interlinked functions of theories–explanation, prediction, and control. That is, theories should first of all explain behaviour in a causal relationship manner.In addition, theories should be able to predict future behaviour in a patterned way due to the abstraction of a certain phenomenon. At the end, good theories also provide information to control future events. Taking these functions into consideration, one can generate a set of criteria for evaluating and comparing theories from a post positivist stance. (* is explained at the end) I would like to explore more on the complex mental decision making processes involved in choosing to consume media (information-filtering-related theories) in this information age.I would imagine that selective exposure theory and active learner theory* would be two comparable choices to explain questions in this field and may provide reasonable predictions and relative control on future events. Selective exposure theory is accurate within its conceptual boundaries since many laboratory experiments have been conducted to test it so it is empirically testable. For example, in one study, when individual were placed in state of boredom, they selected arousing media messages and avoided relaxing fare to achieve an optimal level of arousal. ( Bryant, Zillmann, 1984).Selective exposure theory is consistent internally and externally because there is no contradictory propositi ons or widely held theories in the relevant domain. It is parsimonious because it mainly focuses on emotional states. However, because of this, researches have been conducted mostly upon mood management and selective exposure effects (first regulate emotion, then measure the media choice) which is not the real life situations. Thus, it is not in a very broad scope. In addition, in labs, participants only need to focus on limited choices but in the real world we face abundant media.In this case, selective exposure theory may have limited external validity. Nevertheless, this theory provide plausible explanations in media choosing and can somehow predict future behaviour (eg: people use media to alleviate boredom and other negative emotions) and also bring up future possible research questions (how about on positive mood other than negative?†¦ ). Therefore, in general, it is a better theory to choose other than the active learner theory because the latter one lack empirical tests and cannot rule out possible interventions.The active learner theory is a pseudo-theory I personally came up with rather than a really existing one. I can be totally/partially wrong or this can have been better explained by some mature theories. It is not even a theory but I still want to give it a try based on my understanding of this mental decision making process. I think the choice that one individual makes on media consumption can represent more than what it appears to be. It is not only a personal mood management process but also can involve social context and group judgment into it.As individual make choices, they can consciously or unconsciously go over the considerations of others' feedback judgments and possible consequences aftermath. For example, if one has the instinctive drive to watch porn to maximize pleasure, before making the final decision, (s)he may consider the possible feedback from roommates or parents or friends who may see his/her behaviour, therefore quick ly decide not to do so. People may gain this kind of thinking from previous learning from personal experience, peer talking or education.Or, imagine a group of girls surfing the Internet in the same room, one may want to log onto Angel and read some articles but others are more interested in gossip and entertainment. Even though this girl has her own laptop and can choose what she wants to read but she doesn't want to be â€Å"distinct† or â€Å"nerdy† so she conforms. Thus, I name people as active learner, that is, we can quickly adjust our behaviour and adapt to situations around us through more complex mental procedures besides mood management process consciously and automatically.

8 Special Little Words in English Grammar

8 Special Little Words in English Grammar To be accurate, its not the words themselves that are special; its how theyre sometimes used in sentences. Linguists have assigned names to these distinctive (and sometimes controversial) ways of using eight very common words in English: it, there, should, anymore, be, we, they, and eh. For additional examples and more detailed discussions of the terms, follow the links in bold. Dummy ItUnlike an ordinary pronoun, dummy it refers to nothing at all. In sentences about time and weather (e.g., Its six oclock, Its snowing) and in certain idioms (Its obvious youre having a tough time), it serves as a dummy subject. (For a related use of this personal pronoun, see Anticipatory It.)Existential ThereAnother familiar type of dummy subject is the existential there. In contrast to the deictic there, which refers to a place (e.g., Lets sit over there), the nonreferential there simply points out the existence of something (There is a problem with the network).Putative ShouldUnlike the mandative should, which expresses a command or recommendation (e.g., You should stop complaining), the putative should emphasizes an emotional response to a presumed fact (Its sad you should feel that way). Putative should is heard more often in British English than in American English.Positive AnymoreIn Standard English, the adverb anymore is usually limited to negative or interrogative co nstructions (e.g., She doesnt sing anymore). But in some American, Canadian, and Irish dialects, anymore is also used in positive constructions to mean now or at this time (They go to Maryland on their holidays anymore). Invariant BeA feature of African American Vernacular English (AAVE), invariant be is often misinterpreted as an all-purpose substitute for am, is and are. In fact, because invariant be (as in She be busy all the time) has the special function of marking habitual or repeated activities, AAVE makes a distinction that Standard English cant make by verb tense alone. (See No Time Like the Present Tense.)Inclusive WeIn contrast to the exclusive we, which deliberately leaves out the person whos being addressed (e.g., Dont call us; well call you), inclusive we uses a first-person plural pronoun to evoke a sense of commonality and rapport between a speaker (or writer) and his or her audience (We shall never surrender).Singular TheyMost handbooks still decry the use of they, them, or their to refer to a singular noun or an indefinite pronoun (e.g., Somebody lost their keys). But this is probably a losing battle: singular they has been in widespread use since the 14th century. Narrative EhThough strongly associated with speakers of Canadian English, narrative eh isnt exclusively Canadian. This little discourse marker or tag (described by one linguist as virtually meaningless) most often shows up at the end of a sentencelike this, eh?

Bonifacio Movies Summary

The film then brings us to the present-day, in the gymnasium of a Catholic high school with a typical scene of bullying. A graduating student with altruistic values, as played by Daniel Patella, steps in. It promises an interesting storyline of parallel values but as the saying goes, promises are meant to broken. Together with two other students and a curator of a museum dedicated to Boniface, they uncover history through documents, to support the accuracy Of the claims the film presents. They serve not only as unnecessary narrators but also represent the inspired youth and dedicated historians, as expendable anchors to reality. There is not much progression with these one-shots as they interweave and later interrupt much of the dramatic storytelling reeking the inertia, and blemishing an already excellent biopic. (It is the intention of the reviewer to point this out early on so that the reader can opt to tune out these jarring moments, hoping to bring a greater appreciation of the film. On a certain level, Boniface: Nag Unsung Pangolin is a symbiotic mengage trots among Andrea Boniface, played by a subdued Robin Patella until the character goes in fits of rage and control is lost; Gregorian Aryans De Jesus, suited by Avian Morale, whose story relevance grows in time; and the country, particularly the nations persecuted masses. The first part cements heir common love for justice and social upheaval. Further tribulations in family affairs in the latter sections gave their love story an alluring kind of sadness as unfortunately; this has been Andresens only rock in his untimely demise.For this layer alone, it already provides a compelling drama, the beef in the burger patty. This patty becomes heavier and juicier with the other meatier layers and astounding audio-visual elements that gives its distinguishing flavor. The personal and historical highlights can be arranged to three chronological sets of discovery. Benefactions active involvement in the event stems from his spirit grown from the seeds left by the death of the Sombrero, and a fellow nationalist, DRP. Jose Racial, exemplary enlivened by Jericho Resale from line delivery to deft hand gestures.A beautifully lighted meeting between the imprisoned Racial, radiating in blue hue, and Boniface, in orange, not only intensifies their opposing actions and philosophies but also foreshadows the first acts end where Boniface steps up as the leader of a new movement set on a more violent approach to freedom. The endearing cinematography is also introduced with a nun-directional camera work mooing out from Racial to a long table filled by intently listening members of La Alga Filipino, an early prototypical movement that failed to set off, signifying his influence and magnitude of his intellect.This is contrasted near the end of the act with a circular directionless round table discussion, stopping with Boniface, as he assumes responsibility, gaining power from the trust of his peers. This kind of camera trail to display the influence of a notable hero is again used with Continual prior to the third act as he draws much of his power from influence by his peers, illustrating a different Continual that is either pure good nor demonic evil. The first act culminates on natural daylight as the Justinian emerges from the shadows of the caves of Montanan, where they are not just individual sources of light but now a force to reckon with.Interspersed with this scene, a digital vector animation of the myth of Bernard Carpi is played, as a homage to the Filipino grassroots inspiration of Justinian and also as a warning for the future Andrea to face. The pattern of light encompassing not the characters persona, then progressing to break the monotonous dark atmosphere is a consistent lawless style, repeated throughout the next two acts, with the second leading to the iconic Jigsaw as Pagan Lawn (Cry of Pagan Lawn), which wages battles Of life and death and not just mere prop aganda for the minds.For the final act, a well-choreographed night ambush, a quasi-climax that is a Pyrrhic victory in retrospect, gives the necessary energy for the painstakingly emotional yet horrifying death that comes to our hero whose only mistake is loving too much and being busy in seeking the light amidst the personal agendas who claim to seek the same. A reverse of the setup on light and dark rather emphasizes the dreadful truth, with the reflection of the light from the moon punctuating the ironic somber ending. The third act may have ended in the past but its continuation in the present shows the results of the revolution. A well-illuminated world, as opposed to the foremost gloom in the initial scenes, is a product of the blood-drenched revolution that is note over. Soon after, the narration poses a question and some insights that would again boil down to the final scene of rising action that takes place in the heart of the revolution. With the skillful mingling of chiaroscuro as part of its interrogatory, fascinating marriage of screenplay and drama, subtle political machinations and societal factors trapping our forlorn hero, Boniface: Nag Unsung Pangolin is a layered tragic love story to the country that will always be relevant in the age of revisionism.A good metric of this is how it is able to move individuals, people, a nation with or without the recognition of passion more than a century after offering an incomparable sacrifice. Summary of the Movie El Presidents The story is told in flashbacks as Emilio Continual thanks the US government for giving him the opportunity to attend the full restor ation of Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. The film begins with his capture by Philippine and IIS forces under Frederick Functions command in 1901 , then flashes back to 1 886, when an old woman gives Continual and childhood friend Candida Tirana cryptic prophecies.Ten years later, Continual is inducted into the Justinian and later assumes leadership of its Cavity chapter while becoming mayor of Cavity El Viejo. When trouble breaks out in Manila in late August 1896, Continual tries to assure the Spanish provincial government of non-interference and covertly marshals his forces despite a lack of weapons. Learning that the Spanish costly put their forces in Manila, Continual finally mobiles his troops and take the fight to Spanish troops in Cavity.As the rebels gain ground in Cavity and several provinces, its Magical and Managing factions convene to elect a provisional government. Andrea Boniface oversees the Testers Convention, which elects Continual as president, Marino Trial as vice-president, and himself as interior minister. He storms out of the convention when Daniel Tirana objects to his election. Gondolas brother Scrupulous informs him of his accession and convinces him to leave his troops just as he was seeking to defend against the Spaniards at Passing Santos.The rebels are defeated and Scrupulous is killed. Meanwhile, an embittered Boniface establishes his own revolutionary government and is later arrested. Continual is concerned about Benefactions actions and wanted him exiled, but the War Council advises his execution. Several months later, Continual leaves Cavity with most of his forces intact and makes it to Bias-an-Boat in Vulcan, where he signs the Pact of Bias-an- Boat and heads for Hong Kong.

The Mini (car) between 1998 and 2015 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Mini (car) between 1998 and 2015 - Assignment Example On the other hand, many spare parts from the past are still useable in the present. For example, engine mounting has remained the same over the years. This is why the mini is one of the most economic cars of today’s age. The company producing minis was in the year 2000 bought by BMW a renowned high quality and class brand of car production. BMW bought the mini car production from the Rover group that was the original production company. BMW introduced the Mini Cooper in place for the mini cars. The key terms employed in 1998 and before to market the mini cars included low mileage, price friendly and uniquely styled (Thoms 1998). Today’s keywords for mini cars have drawn more attention they include; well-known brand, competitive model, iconic, powerful, hybrid, environmental friendly, laudable and so on. Semantics is the study of what words meanwhile inference involves what one draws from and the conclusions made. The wording used today mean that people are more interested in the brands of the cars than the prices. The conclusion made is that, although pricing is an important factor, more importance is drawn from the status the mini cooper brings. The social contexts of mini car advertisements greatly influence consumer market. They draw the line in most cases of who can fit in to purchase the car and who is the potential buyer. Car modeling defines the use of a car. Through the ads, the mini car’s function is highly emphasized. Whether it is a leisure car or a daily use car. The terms illustrated above to advertise mini coopers today, clearly identify mini coopers as vehicles that are growing in class and even in use. The target market has changed from the lower middle class to upper middle class and first class socially. The competitive nature of the advertisements is just attractive to bring in a more consumer-ready market. Words like powerful, iconic, hybrid and so on are associated with the brands.